PSY 309 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Clanging, Prodrome, Neologism
Lecture note 13 PSY 309:
• Define psychosis
• Loss of contact with reality
• What are the qualities of psychosis?
• Ability to perceive environment is impaired and when it comes to hallucinations and
delusions they can either have both, one or the other, or none at all
• What disorder is psychosis mainly in?
• Schizophrenia
• What does the downward drift theory state?
• Argues that schizophrenia causes victims from higher social levels to fall to lower social
levels and remain at that lower level. (People with schizophrenia specially fall down the
socioeconomic ladder)
• What is the diagnosis rate in men and women of schizophrenia as well as the age?
• Men and women are equally diagnosed, however, men are diagnosed earlier. The
average age of onset men is 23, and 28 for women.
• What are the 3 MAIN group of symptoms in people with schizophrenia?
• Positive, negative, and psychomotor
• What do the positive symptoms include?
• Delusions, disorders in thinking, derailment (loose associations), neologism (made-up
words), preservation, clang (rhymes), heightened perceptions, hallucinations, and
inappropriate affect
• What do negative symptoms include?
• Alogia (poverty in speech), flat affect, loss of volition (motivation), and social withdrawal
• What do psychomotor symptoms include?
• Awkward movements and odd gestures (Catatonia)
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• What are the 3 stages/phases of schizophrenia?
• Prodromal, Active, and Residual
• What are the prodromal symptoms like?
• Beginning of deterioration; mild symptoms
• What are the active symptoms like?
• Symptoms become apparent
• What are the residual symptoms like?
• Return to prodromal-like levels where symptoms are mild
• Define delusions
• False interpretation of reality
• What are the 4 types of delusions?
• Persecution, Reference, Grandeur, and Control
• Describe persecuted delusiona
• Trying to get into the persons head
• Describe referenced delusions
• Individual believes that seemingly normal, insignificant events or occurrences have
significant meanings.
• Describe Grandeur Delusions
• Some real or fictional person that has a status of some sort
• Describe controlled delusions
• Defined as a false belief that an external being, Group, or energy is capable of
controlling a personas thoughts, influencing emotions and behavior.
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• What is loose association?
• Thought disorder characterized by frequent shifts between ideas or subjects. So
basically the person just talks and starts balling and then just goes downhill
conversationally.
• What is neologism?
• the invention of new words
• What is perservation?
• Repetition of phases and behavior
• What is clang association?
• Meaningless rhyming of words
• What is the most common form of hallucinations?
• Auditory Hallucinations
• What is alogia?
• poverty of speech; being without speech... often having a hard time answering
questions. Usually answer in yes or no forms or just don't talk at all
• What is avolition?
• General lack of drive or motivation to pursue meaningful goals
• What is anhedonia?
• inability to feel pleasure
• What is inappropriate affect?
• Having the wrong emotion (laughing at a funeral); basically an emotion that is not suited
for that specific situation
• What is catatonia?
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