MCB 3020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Microbiological Culture, Binomial Nomenclature, Mutation
Document Summary
Chapter 1: the evolution of microorganisms and microbiology. Evolution of 3 domains of life: universal phylogenetic tree. Based on comparisons of small subunit rrna (ssu rrna) Aligned rrna sequences from diverse organisms are compared and differences counted to derive a value of evolutionary distance relatedness, but not time of divergence, is determined this way. Last universal common ancestor (luca: the root or origin of modern life is on bacterial branch but nature still controversial, archaea and eukarya evolved independently of bacteria, archaea and eukarya diverged from common ancestry. Endosymbiotic hypothesis: origin of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and hydrogenosomes from endosymbiont, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Genome sequences closely related to rickettsia and prochloron, respectively: hydrogenosomes. Evolution of cellular microbes: mutation of genetic material led to selected traits, new genes and genotypes evolved, bacteria and archaea increase genetic pool by horizontal gene transfer within the same generation.
