MCB 3020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Carboxylation, Organelle, Planctomycetes
Document Summary
Protoplast and cytoplasm: protoplast is plasma membrane and everything within, cytoplasm - material bounded by the plasmid membrane. The cytoskeleton: homologs of all 3 eukaryotic cytoskeletal elements have been identified in bacteria, functions are similar as in eukaryotes. Best studied examples: ftsz many bacteria forms ring during septum formation in cell division, mreb many rods. Synthesis machinery: cres rare, maintains. Observed in many bacteria with high respiratory activity: anammoxosome in planctomycetes. Organelle site of anaerobic ammonia oxidation. Inclusions: granules of organic or inorganic material that are stockpiled by the cell for future use, some are enclosed by a single-layered membrane. Some made of proteins; others contain lipids. Storage inclusions: storage of nutrients, metabolic end products, energy, building blocks, glycogen storage, carbon storage. Poly- -hydroxybutyrate (phb: phosphate - polyphosphate (volutin, amino acids - cyanophycin granules. Microcompartments: not bound by membranes but compartmentalized for a specific function, carboxysomes - co2 fixing bacteria.
