PCB 3063 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Null Allele, Epistasis, Zygosity
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A gene that is necessary for growth to a fertile adult. The products of essential genes are necessary for survival, and their absence results in lethality. Essential gene if a gene product is necessary for survival, but a single copy of the gene can provide sufficient amount, a null allele behaves as a ___________ ________ Recessive lethal (homozygotes die but the heterozygotes survive) A mode of inheritance in which phenotypic effects of two allelic genes are fully and simultaneiously expressed in the heterozygous individuals. True of false: the hypostatic locus alters the phenotypic expression of the epistatic locus. Occurs when two parents that exhibit a recessive phenotype yield offspring that exhibit the dominant phenotype for the character. True or false: complementation can only occur if the recessive mutant phenotypes of the two parents are caused by mutation in two different genes that affect the same character.
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These all relate to exceptions to the inheritance patterns encountered by Mendel.â
Why do multiple and lethal alleles often result in modifications of the classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios?
Select the four correct statements.
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-In the case of codominance, heterozygotes produce gene products from both alleles of a gene. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by codominance. |
-In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of homozygous individuals. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by incomplete dominance. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions and a diploid organism has two homologous gene loci that may be occupied by different alleles of the same gene. This can result in many different phenotypes for traits, which may not follow typical Mendelian ratios. |
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. This results in a modification of classic Mendelian ratios. |
-The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes. The joint expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is called codominance. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions, but in a diploid organism, only one allele of the gene can occupy one homologous gene loci. Classic Mendelian inheritance cannot explain this phenomenon. |
-Each gene produces a unique gene product. The effect of one allele in a heterozygote completely masks the effect of the other. Classic Mendelian genetics cannot explain this phenomenon. |