PCB 3063 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Preformationism, Pangenesis, Molecular Genetics
genome
complete set of genetic instructions for an organism
transmission genetics
field of genetics that encompasses the basic principles of genetics and how traits are inherited
molecular genetics
study of the chemical nature of genetic information and how it is encoded, replicated, and expressed
population genetics
study of the genetic composition of populations and how their genes pools change over time
model genetic organism
an organism that is widely used in genetic studies because of its characteristics:
- short generation time
- large number of offspring
- etc
pangenesis
early concept of heredity proposing that particles carry genetic information from different parts of the
body to the reproductive organs
inheritance of acquired characteristics
early notion of inheritance proposing that acquired traits are passed to descendants
preformationism
early concept of inheritance proposing that a miniature adult (homunculus) resides either in the egg or
the sperm and increases in size during development, with all traits inherited from the parent who
contributed the homunculus
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Document Summary
The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in a living organism germ-plasm theory states that cells in the reproductive organs carry a complete set of genetic information. Prokaryote unicellular organism with a simple cell structure ex: eubacteria, archaea. Eukaryote organisms whose cells have a complex structure including a nuclear envelope and membrane-bound organelles (one of the three primary divisions of life) ex: unicellular and multicellular organisms. Eubacteria prokaryotic unicellular organism (one of the three primary divisions of life) ex: most of the common bacteria. Archea prokaryotic unicellular organisms (one of the three primary divisions of life) ex: live in ocean vents. Nucleus organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is enclosed by the nuclear envelope and contains chromosomes. Histone low-molecular-weight protein found in eukaryotes that complexes with dna to form chromosomes. Chromatin material found in the eukaryotic nucleus that consists of dna and proteins. Mitosis process by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides.
