BSC 1010C Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Prokaryote, Plant Cell

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3 Jan 2020

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Similarities- prokaryotic cells, like those in eukaryotic uni- and multi- cellular organisms contain ribosomes and dna genetic matter that control all cell functions, including replication. All cells require energy to survive and undergo chemical processes to sustain life. One or more small vacuoles (much smaller than plant cells). One, large central vacuole taking up to 90% of cell volume. Present in some cells ( e. g. mammalian sperm cells) Only present in lower plant forms (e. g. chlamydomonas) Plant cells have chloroplasts to make their own food. Present in some cells (e. g. sperm of bryophytes and pteridophytes, cycads and. All organelles in every cell and their function. Plant cells contain some organelles not found in animal cells, such as cell walls and chloroplasts . This structure contains a eukaryotic cell"s dna and directs cell activities. the cell membrane is double-layered in animals, and forms the outer cell boundary that protects the cell contents and regulates what goes in and out of cells.

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Please answer the following three essay questions.

All living cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have thefollowing cell structures: plasma membrane, cytosol, ribosomes, andat least one chromosome. Choose any one of these. Describe itsbasic structure (including molecular composition) as well as thefunction. Explain why a cell could not exist without thefunction(s) performed by this cell structure.
Cells can be categorized as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.Only bacterial cells are prokaryotic. For question two, answer anyone of the following comparison questions. Be sure to compare bothmolecular (physical) structure and function in each answer.
1. Compare the nucleoid area (prokaryotic) to a nucleus(eukaryotic)? How do they differ; how are they similar?
2. Compare the bacterial flagellum (prokaryotic) to an animal cellflagellum (eukaryotic)? How do they differ; how are theysimilar?
3. Compare a bacterial cell wall (prokaryotic) to a plant cellwall (eukaryotic)? How do they differ; how are they similar?
Eukaryotic cells (in plants, animals, fungi, and algae) arebigger than prokaryotic (bacterial) cells. This bigger size allowseukaryotic cells to have more structural complexity.

Choose any one of the following eukaryotic cell structures for ashort essay:

Mitochondrion
Cytoskeleton
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Chloroplast (found only in photosynthetic cells)

In your answer, describe its basic structure (includingmolecular composition) as well as the function. Why is the functionimportant to keeping the cell alive?
Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference listand in-text citations for references used throughout theassignment.

cerisemanatee852

12) Which of the following can denature a protein:

A. heat

B. acid

C. alcohol

D. salt

E. all of the above

13) DNA is typically a single strand with a combination of adenosine (A), thymidine (T), cytodine (C) and guanosine (G) nucleotides. It is read by the cellâs ribosomes during protein synthesis.

A. Both statements are true.

B. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is true, the second is false.

D. The first statement is false, the second is true.

14) Chitin is an important molecule in cells walls of fungi. It is primarily composed of long chains of carbohydrates.

A. Both statements are true.

B. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is true, the second is false.

D. The first statement is false, the second is true.

19) Place a P next to attributes exclusively prokaryotic, an E next to attributes exclusively eukaryotic, and a P & E to attributes that can be common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

(MAKE YOUR ANSWERS CLEAR, OR YOU WILL GET THE QUESTION WRONG!)

A. chitin cell wall

B. linear chromosomes

C. mitochondria

D. flagella

E. nucleoid

F. ribosomes

G. histones

H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

I. enzymes

J. nuclear membrane

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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Question 601 pts

The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleolus

mitochondria

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BSC 1010C Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Prokaryote, Plant Cell

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