CHM 1046 Lecture Notes - Lecture 40: Amphiphile, Partial Pressure, Philia

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14 Mar 2018

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Either the solute or solvent (or both) are non-polar. Soaps: amphiphilic molecules amphis means both philia means love. Pressure and solubility: the extent to which a gas dissolves in a solvent (its solubility) is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas over the solution. S=solubility of the gas kh=henrys law constant (unique for gas/solvent/temp) Pgas=partial pressure of the gas over the solution. The solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent increases with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. Unsaturated less than maximum amount of solute is dissolved. Saturated exactly the maximum amount of solute is dissolved. Additional solute will not dissolve even if it is in contact with solution. Supersaturated more than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved. these solutions are unstable. Cooling a saturated sugar solution-the time before crystallization begins. Dilute only a small amount of solute is dissolved. Concentrated a large amount of solute is dissolved concentration= amount of solute/amount of solvent or solution.

Related Questions

* Circle the intermolecular force(s) that is/are present in each of the following species. [Hint: there may be more than one correct answer.]

Ar (hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, dispersion forces)

CH4 (hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, dispersion forces)

HBr (hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, dispersion forces)

HF (hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, dispersion forces)

CHCl3 (hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, dispersion forces)

* For the following pairs of atoms/molecules, circle the species that has the higher boiling point.

Ne or Xe

Cl2 or F2

HBr or HF

HCl or HI

H2O or H2S

* Phase changes always associate with change of enthalpy. For the following situations, name the phase

transition and indicate whether the process is exothermic or endothermic.

(a) Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) turns to gaseous carbon dioxide.

Answer:

(b) Water vapor turns to liquid water.

Answer:

(d) Iodine vapor turns to solid iodine.

Answer:

(e) Liquid helium turns to helium gas.

Answer:

* True or false

1. Intermolecular forces are stronger than ionic and covalent bonds. Answer:

2. For molecules with similar size and molar mass, those with higher polarity would have higher boiling

point. Answer:

3. Ion-dipole forces exist between ionic potassium bromide and polar water.

Answer:

4. Dispersion forces exist between argon and helium. Answer:

5. Instantaneous dipoles exist in all molecules and atoms. Answer:

6. The strength of dispersion forces depends on the molar mass but the shape of the molecules have no effect on dispersion forces. Answer:

7. Ice has a higher density than water because ice has an ordered cagelike structure. Answer:

8. Liquids with weaker intermolecular interactions have lower viscosity. Answer:

9. Viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. Answer:

10. For any molecules, the heat of vaporization is always lower than the heat of fusion because it takes more energy to make molecules to move past one another in a solid lattice. Answer:

help wich options are correcet a,b ,c ,d ? thanks

CHM 1046 Lecture Notes - Lecture 40: Amphiphile, Partial Pressure, Philia

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