BSC-2011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Intron, Polyadenylation, Mitosis
3 processes
1. Cell Division and Mitosis
2. Cell Differentiation
3. Morphogenesis- formation of body
4 factors
1. Genes
2. Maternal Determinants- egg
3. Internal Environment- how cells communicate
4. External environment
Gene Expression : Chp 18.1-18.3
Phenotype- what something looks like
Micro Arrays- can read if RNA is being expressed and how much
Genes that are turned off in your body are most likely the genes that were turned off in parent's bodies
– epigenetics
Your DNA methylation patterns get copied during mitosis
Steps to Regulate Gene Expression
1. Chromatin Modification
2. Transcription
3. RNA Processing
a. MRNA degradation
b. Translation
i. Protein processing and degradation
Exon --> Intron --> Exon ---> Intron --> Exon --> Poly-A sequence
Enhancers- help guide RNA polymerase in once DNA bending protein is done
RNA first makes pre-mRNA strip. Then RNA processing, introns are thrown out to make mRNA
Translation occurs in cytoplasm
DNA Methylation can block access to control elements or promotor regions, so activators can't bind
Methyl groups can directly bind to DNA
RNA Splicing – same mRNA, two different proteins
Process same pre-MRNA at same time two different ways
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