Government 1760 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Sun Yat-Sen, Guangxu Emperor, May Fourth Movement
18 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
How$history$fits$into$IR$reading
•
Arrival$of$Europeans
§
Asians$Adjusting
§
Asians$Push$Back
§
Three$chapters
○
Cohen$Reading
•
Vertsburger
•
TELL$TF$THAT$YOU$DIDN'T$KNOW$ABOUT$SUMMARY
•
Deals$with$identity
§
Constructivism
○
Where$does$historical$explanations$for$IR$fit$in?
•
Path$dependency
○
Number$two??
○
Allows$identities$to$be$constructed
○
Help$legitimize$foreign$policy$choices
○
How$can$history$influence$our$discussions$in$IR?
•
Basis$for$colonization
○
Opened$strategic$trade$routes
○
Singapore's$location$so$key$due$to$Straight$of$Malaca
○
British$taking$Singapore$(1819)
•
India$has$Opium$-->$China$has$better$opium
○
Hong$Kong$given$to$British
○
Started$the$Century$of$Humiliation
○
End$of$the$Qing$Dynasty's$dominance
○
Opium$War$(1839-1842)
•
Japan$resistant$to$interacting$with$outside$forces
○
Pervy$in$Edo$(1853)
•
Treaty$of$"shimoni$something"??
○
Sino-Japanese$War$(1894)
•
Self-strengthening
○
Hundred$Days'$Reform$(1898)•
Japan$successfully$defeats$Russia$over$land$conflict
○
First$time$Japan$comes$into$conflict$with$a$European$power
○
Showed$once$again$that$China's$empire$is$crumbled
○
Russia-Japanese$War$(1904-1905)•
Japanese$forced$Koreans$to$speak$Japanese
○
Banned$Korean$language
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Forced$laborers$and$"comfort$women"
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80%$voluntarily$changed$their$names$to$avoid$repercussions
§
Koreans$forced$to$take$Japanese$names
○
1946,$Korea$liberated$from$Japanese$rule
○
Japan$annexes$Korea$(1910)•
Leads$to$resentment$towards$America$(May$4th$Movement)
§
China$gets$bad$deal$when$war$ends
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WWI$(1914)•
First$time$China$takes$form$as$modern$state
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Originally$dreamed$by$Sun$Yatsen
§
Nationalist$party$makes$coherent$China
○
Sets$up$nationalist$vs.$communist$party
○
Northern$Expedition$(1926)•
Cohen$Reading:
Defining$situation
○
Circumscribing$role
○
Determining$strategy
○
Justifying$strategy
○
History$has$four$practical$purposes•
Contextual$error:$if$the$decision$maker$was$affected$directly$he$
would$feel$stronger$about$it
§
Trans(something)$error
§
Abistomological$Error
§
How$history$can$be$misused
○
Vertsberger:$the$ways$history$doesn't$work$out$so$well•
Vertsberger$
Found$that$Chinese$textbooks$are$far$more$nationalist$and$promote$Chinese$
power$more$than$Japanese$textbooks$do$about$Japan
•
Sneider
1898
The Hundred$Days'Reform (the Hundred$days'Reform movement)$was$a$failed$
103-day national$cultural,$political,$and$educational reform movement$from$11$June$
to$21$September$1898$in$late$Qing$dynasty China.$It$was$undertaken$by$the$young$
Guangxu$Emperor$and$his reform-minded$supporters.
Guangxu$(born$1871,$reigned$1875–1908)$ordered$a$series$of$reforms$aimed$at$
making$sweeping$social$and$institutional$changes
IN$response$to$china$looking$week$as$a$result$of$defeat$by$Japan$in$the$first$sino-
japanese$war$and$first$and$second$opium$war
The$reformers$declared$that$China$needed$more$than$"self-strengthening"$and$that$
innovation$must$be$accompanied$by$institutional$and$ideological$ change.
The$Hundred$Days'$Reform$ended$with$the$rescinding$of$the$new$orders$and$the$
execution$of$six$of$the$reform's$chief$advocates,$together$known$as$the$"Six$
Gentlemen"
2/8/17
Wednesday,$ February$8,$2017
11:09$AM
Document Summary
Tell tf that you didn"t know about summary. Singapore"s location so key due to straight of malaca. India has opium --> china has better opium. First time japan comes into conflict with a european power. Showed once again that china"s empire is crumbled. 80% voluntarily changed their names to avoid repercussions. Leads to resentment towards america (may 4th movement) First time china takes form as modern state. Vertsberger: the ways history doesn"t work out so well. Contextual error: if the decision maker was affected directly he would feel stronger about it. Found that chinese textbooks are far more nationalist and promote chinese. Found that chinese textbooks are far more nationalist and promote chinese power more than japanese textbooks do about japan. The hundred days" reform (the hundred days" reform movement) was a failed. 103-day national cultural, political, and educational reform movement from 11 june to 21 september 1898 in late qing dynasty china.
