GEO 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Convergent Boundary, Stratovolcano, Geothermal Gradient
29 Oct 2018
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Document Summary
Rock- a coherent, naturally occurring solid, consisting of an aggregate of one or more minerals, or a mass of natural glass or organic matter. Freeze- when a liquid turns to a solid. Igneous rocks- a rock that forms when hot molten rock cools and freezes solid. Two types of igneous rocks- plutonic ( cools underground) and volcanic ( cools above ground) Main factors controlling melt- temperature, pressure, and water: temperature- melts at 800c and 1200c; source of heat is radioactive decay. Geothermal gradient- the rate at which temperature increases with depth in the earth. Norman bowen- bowen"s reaction series (illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from a magma: pressure- as press. Goes up, temp goes down; as press declines, temp goes up. Lowering pressure causes melting in divergent margins: water content- as water content increases, melting temperature decreases. Formation of clastic rock: weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, lithification.
