KNR 270 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Hearing Aid, Stereotype, Twelve Tables
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
KNR 270
Inclusive Recreation
MWF 11am-11:50am
Upcoming Dates:
Final Reflection and Hours: 4/20
Disability
Definitions
Disability
oLegal Definition:
Disability is a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one
or more major life activities
Must have record of such impairment;
Or being regarded as having such an impairment
oMedical Model Definition:
Disability is an impairment that results in the partial or complete loss of,
or loss of the function of, a body part, organ, or system
Must have record of such impairment;
Or being regarded as having such an impairment
oSocial Model Definition:
Disability is the disadvantage or restriction of activity caused by a social
organization which takes no or little account of people who have
impairments
Impairment
oThe residual effects of disease, injury, or genetic disorder that disrupts physical,
cognitive, or affective functioning.
Impairments are prolonged conditions, but they are not necessarily
permanent
Handicap
oA handicap RESULTS from actions of the person with the disability or by society
History of Disability
400 B.C.
oHippocrates, Greek physician, believed that epilepsy was a curse or caused by the
gods
450 B.C.
oThe Twelve Tables of Rome:
Early attempt to create a code of law:
“A dreadfully deformed child shall be quickly killed”
15th Century
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oSome jesters in medieval and renaissance courts were disabled either physically
or mentally
1692
oSome of the 19 witches who were killed during the Salem Witch Trials may have
been feebleminded, or had little or no education, or were insane
This was largely due to the fear of what was different than “normal”
1751
oThe Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia
First hospital to create a special section for the treatment of mental illness
and mental retardation
In 1756, these patients would be chained to the walls of the
basement and put on a display for a fee
They were used to do experiments on
1883
oThe term “Eugenics” is coined by Sir Francis Galton
It means “Perfect Person”
If someone did not have “Eugenics,” they were killed and so were
their parents
oPeople said they did it to “Improve the stock of society”
1907
oIndiana passes and enacts the first compulsory sterilization law.
The principal targets of the America program were the intellectually
disabled and the mentally ill
Also targeted, under many state laws, the deaf, the blind, people
with epilepsy, and the physically deformed
1915
oA movie called “The Black Swan” came out to show that killing babies with
physical/mental disabilities would be better.
Dr. Harry Haiselden allows a disabled newborn to perish and promotes
this as a way to reduce the disabled population
1927
oThe Supreme Court rules in favor of forced sterilization of the feeble-minded
1965
oSenator Robert F. Kennedy visits Willowbrook State School
It was a school for disabled children to learn
Not enough staff
They students were malnourished
Many illnesses broke out
They were providing little to no education
Considered the “snake pit”
1974
oChicago Municipal Code, sec. 36034
“No person who is diseased, maimed, mutilated or in any way deformed
so as to be an unsightly or disgusting object or improper person to be
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allowed in or on the public ways or other public places in this city, or shall
therein or thereon expose himself to public view, under a penalty of not
less than one dollar nor more than fifty dollars for each offense.”
The Disability Rights Movement
Deinstitutionalization and Passing of the ADA
o“It’s not my disability that’s my problem: it’s how other people treat me because
of my disability.”
A New Paradigm
Instead of viewing a disability as a limitation or an inspiration we need to view it as: A
DIFFERENCE
oThis difference in ability may require an accommodation
Removing barriers
Creating access through accommodations and universal design
Acceptance and appreciation of individual differences incorporated into recreation
programs and facilities
oIncludes age, gender, culture, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc.
Instead of persons with disabilities having to change to fit society, society needs to better
accommodate people with disabilities as the PEOPLE they are
Use PEOPLE-FIRST Terminology
o“PERSON with a disability”
Sensory Impairments
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Avoid Labels
Avoid Stereotyping
Avoid Expectations
Be aware of behavior exhibited
Disabilities
Sensory
Developmental
Physiological
Physical
Visual Impairment
Any deviation from the generally accepted norm which affects one of the following:
oColor Perception
oPeripheral Visual Function
oBinocular Visual Function
oCentral Visual Acuity
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Document Summary
Disability is a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. Or being regarded as having such an impairment: medical model definition: Disability is an impairment that results in the partial or complete loss of, or loss of the function of, a body part, organ, or system. Or being regarded as having such an impairment: social model definition: Disability is the disadvantage or restriction of activity caused by a social organization which takes no or little account of people who have impairments. Impairment: the residual effects of disease, injury, or genetic disorder that disrupts physical, cognitive, or affective functioning. Impairments are prolonged conditions, but they are not necessarily permanent. Handicap: a handicap results from actions of the person with the disability or by society. 400 b. c: hippocrates, greek physician, believed that epilepsy was a curse or caused by the gods. 450 b. c: the twelve tables of rome: Early attempt to create a code of law:
