BIO 12D Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Cranial Nerves, Limbic System, Postganglionic Nerve Fibers
16 Aug 2020
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Document Summary
Aka the visceral nervous system because of its control over internal organs. Subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. Parasympathetic is responsible for rest and digest functions . Sympathetic is responsible for ght or ight response. Sensory info from somatosensory and visceral receptors goes to homeostatic control centers in the hypothalamus, pons, and medulla. Hypothalamus contains neurons that act as sensors, such as osmoreceptors, which monitor osmolarity and thermoreceptors, which monitor body temperature. Sensory information integrated in the cerebral cortex and limbic system can create emotions that in uence autonomic output. Antagonisitc control is a hallmark of the autonomic division. Most internal organs are under antagonistic control. Exceptions to dual antagonistic innervation include sweat glands and the smooth muscle in most blood vessels. In some autonomic pathways, the neurotransmitter receptor determines the response of the target tissue. Autonomic pathways have two efferent neurons in series. All autonomic pathways (sympathetic and parasympathetic) consist of two neurons in series.
