GEOL 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Hardpan, Lithification, Weathered
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Jeff Koo
Geol 1
Physical Geology
Spring 2019
4 Units
Soil
● Various definitions
○ Unconsolidated material above bedrock
○ Weathered material & organic matter
■ Supports plant life
● Soil horizons
● Soils and climate
○ Pedalfer
○ Pedocal
○ Hardpan
○ Laterites
■ Bauxite-principal ore of Al
Sediments and sedimentary rocks
● Sediments result from
○ Weathering and erosion
○ Precipitation from solution
● Sediments are unconsolidated
● Classified by particles size
○ Gravel- pebbles, cobbles, boulders
○ Sand
○ Silt
○ Clay
Sediment
● Transportation
○ Rounding
○ Sorting
○ Deposition
■ Environment of deposition
● Preservation and lithification
● Lithification (on exam)
○ Compaction
■ Decrease in pore space
○ Cementation
■ Classic texture
○ Crystallization
■ Crystalline texture
Clastic sedimentary rocks
Lithification – transforms loose sediment into solid rock