ECON-E 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Demand Curve, Price Level, Opportunity Cost

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cerisegiraffe538

27 Apr 2018

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Economics

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ECON-E 202

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All

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Lecture 4/17/18

Anything that affects the amount

of money in existence is going to affect all markets.

■ Holding money

– To use money, one must hold money.

■ If people desire to hold money, there is a demand for money.

■ The demand for money: the amount of money people wish to hold

– Transactions demand

– Precautionary demand

– Asset demand

Transactions Demand

• Holding money as a medium of exchange to make payments

• The level varies directly with nominal national income

■ Precautionary Demand

– Holding money to meet unplanned expenditures and emergencies

– The level varies with the interest rate

■ Asset Demand

– Holding money as a store of value instead of other assets

– The level varies with the interest rate

• When the interest rate rises the opportunity cost of holding money increases and the quantity

of money demanded faills

• When the level of income (GDP) or the price level changes, the money demand curve shifts

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Document Summary

Anything that affects the amount of money in existence is going to affect all markets. If people desire to hold money, there is a demand for money. The demand for money: the amount of money people wish to hold. Transactions demand: holding money as a medium of exchange to make payments, the level varies directly with nominal national income. Holding money to meet unplanned expenditures and emergencies. Holding money as a store of value instead of other assets. The decrease in interest stimulates invesment: the recessionary gap is caused by insufficient ad, to increase ad, use expansionary moneytarypolicy, ad increases and real gdp, price level, and employment. Thus, increases in the supply of money is expansionary (easy) monetary policy. Recall, the dynamic model can illustrate real world outcomes. All three curves shift: the economy experiences long-run economic growth (lras curve increases) Changes to *short-run equilibrium* determines changes to the *price level and real actual gdp*

Related Questions

1. Match the correct motive (Precautionary, Speculative, or Transactions) for holding money to the following definitions.

Definition
The stock of money people hold to pay unpredictable expenses
The stock of money people hold to take advantage of future changes in the prices of financial assets other than money
The stock of money people hold to pay everyday predictable expenses

2. Identify the motive for holding money in the following scenario.

Daesun moves to a smaller apartment. Because of the lower monthly rent, he places a larger share of funds from his paycheck in a retirement fund and a smaller share in his savings account. This is an example of a decrease in Daesun's (Precautionary, Speculative, or Transactions) demand for money.

Complete the following statement about the relationship between the interest rate and speculative balances.

3. As the interest rate falls, the opportunity cost of holding money (rises, falls), and people (decrease, increase) their speculative balances.

brownserval393

QUESTION 46

When the Fed buys a U.S. bond in the open market

		its action has no effect on the total reserves or the money supply because the check it writes increases reserves at one bank but they fall at another.
		its action expands total reserves and the money supply.
		its action contracts total reserves and the money supply.
		total reserves increase by the amount of the purchase but the money supply stays the same.

1.11 points

QUESTION 47

When the Fed sells government securities,

		reserves increase, leading to a decrease in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.
		reserves decrease, leading to a decrease in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.
		reserves increase, leading to a increase in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.
		reserves decrease, leading to a increase in the money supply by an amount more than the sale of the government securities.

1.11 points

QUESTION 48

The maximum potential money multiplier is equal to

		the reserve ratio.
		one minus the reserve ratio
		the inverse of the required reserve ratio.
		the number of dollars on reserve.

1.11 points

QUESTION 49

The potential money multiplier gives us

		the growth in the money supply when income increases.
		the growth in real national income when the money supply increases.
		the maximum potential change in the money supply due to a change in income.
		the maximum potential change in the money supply due to a change in reserves.

1.11 points

QUESTION 50

An increase in the reserve ratio

		increases the money multiplier.
		will cause banks to make more loans.
		has an expansionary effect on the money supply.
		has a contractionary effect on the money supply.

1.11 points

QUESTION 51

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures

		banks against lawsuits.
		the deposits held in member banks.
		the deposits held in the Fed.
		the federal funds market.

1.11 points

QUESTION 52

Bank runs are a possibility because

		in difficult times people want currency instead of demand deposits.
		the FDIC is inefficient.
		banks do not keep enough reserves to cover all their depository liabilities.
		bankers are often poor businesspeople.

1.11 points

QUESTION 53

The manner in which FDIC deposit insurance is set up in the United States encourages banks to

		make riskier loans than they otherwise would.
		reject some loans that probably would be profitable.
		maintain excess reserves that are too great.
		be too conservative in their lending practices.

1.11 points

QUESTION 54

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

		discourages banks from engaging in excessive risk taking.
		was established after the Panic of 1907.
		only insures deposits in money-center banks.
		increases the stability of the banking system by reducing the likelihood of bank runs.

1.11 points

QUESTION 55

What are the two features of money that distinguish it from all other goods in the economy?

		Money is government issued and it is redeemable for gold or silver.
		Money is part of every barter transaction and it is divisible.
		Money is accepted as a medium of exchange and it is the common unit of account used to express prices.
		Money is a common unit of account and it is also can be traded for other currencies at a guaranteed exchange rate.

1.11 points

QUESTION 56

Holding money to meet unplanned expenditures and emergencies is known as

		asset demand.
		precautionary demand.
		aggregate demand.
		transactions demand.

1.11 points

QUESTION 57

When people want to hold money to make regular planned expenditures, this is

		the transaction demand for money.
		the spending demand for money.
		the asset demand for money.
		the precautionary demand for money.

1.11 points

QUESTION 58

When interest rates rise, the transactions demand for money usually

		decreases.
		increases.
		decreases initially and then increases to the original position.
		does not change.

1.11 points

QUESTION 59

As nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rises, the transactions demand for money

		increases, and the money demand curve shifts to the right.
		remains constant, and the money demand curve remains the same.
		decreases, and the money demand curve shifts to the left.
		increases, and the money demand curve shifts to the left.

1.11 points

QUESTION 60

One of the economic costs of holding currency is that

		it fulfills no precautionary role.
		it fulfills no transactions role.
		it earns no interest income.
		its real value always increases.

blacktrout920

Choose the correct answer from the brackets:

A)The demand for money is mainly influenced by three variables: r (the short-term interest rate), Y (real GDP), and P (the aggregate Price level). Suppose r rises, but Y and P are unchanged. What happens to the quantity of money demanded?

r is both the opportunity cost of holding money and the reward for holding bonds. Thus, an increase in r causes people to want to hold (more/less ) of their wealth in the form of money and ( more/less) in the form of bonds to take advantage of the higher interest rate.

Suppose real income (Y) rises while the quantity of money in the economy stays the same. What happens to money demand?

The supply of money does not automatically rise when the production of real goods and services (Y) rises. However, the collective demand for money by firms and households does rise. To get this money firms and households attempt to (buy more/ sell some of their /more /less bonds).

Thus, an increase in Y causes people to want to hold (buy more /sell some of their / more /less) of their wealth in the form of money and (buy more / sell some of their / more / less ) in the form of bonds.

C)Suppose the price level (P) rises, but Y and r are unchanged. What happens to money demand?

If Y is unchanged, people will want to buy the same amount of goods and services as before. However, since P is higher, they will need (more / less) money to do so.

Hence, an increase in P causes people to want to hold (more / less) of their wealth in the form of money and (more / less) in the form of bonds.

purplesardine140

ECON-E 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Demand Curve, Price Level, Opportunity Cost

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