HIST-H 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Reza Shah, Hajj, Communist Party Of Iran
Document Summary
Islamic world: always been part of broader world. European colonial rule: caused crisis for many muslims. Responses: turkey under mustafa kemal (aka ataturk), 1881- 1938 --- embraced western modernity; secularist: most recent responses . 1920s and 1930s: intensification in demand for oil worldwide. 1945: exploration of oil in kuwait & saudi arabia: middle east region: oil fields of the world, greater western interest and influence. But growing resentment of western control over economy and society. Response to foreign influence over oil: muhammad mossadegh(pm): nationalization of anglo-iranian. Oil company: major challenges to western interests. Iran: ally for us: us: boycotted iranian oil. Shah returns to iran: mossadegh: house arrest. Support: small elite (officers; administrators; landowners; wealthy merchants: and usa. Coalesces around ulama ( those who possess quality of learning". Clerics), merchants, artisans, & leftist intellectuals: ulama: resented close ties of shah with us & israel. 1960s: disturbances: ayatollah ruhollah khomeini emerges as leader.
