AS.280.335 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Montreal Protocol, Nitrogen Dioxide, National Ambient Air Quality Standards

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blushsnake856

23 Sep 2016

School

JHU

Department

AS.280

Course

AS.280.335

Professor

Yager, James D.; Bressler, Joseph P.

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Document Summary

Air pollution: donora, pa was a big reason the clean air act was passed, units are important because they drive regulation, a massive source of air pollution is automobiles. Secondary not released at the source but they"re involved in transport and fate (something happens in the atmosphere that changes the primary pollutant to a secondary one) It makes a big deal if we reduce emissions of air pollutants because such reductions save on medical expenditures, as treatment of these diseases in terms of hospitalizations are prevented. Federal government does cost-benefit analysis in setting standards: how many lives are going to be saved versus how much money it"s going to cost. Epa monitors air quality in order to enforce standards. Levels of pm emissions are different from state to state (have different types of toxicity based on different chemicals bound to pm) There are no enforceable national air quality standards for haps; instead, they are monitored.

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Clean Air Act programs have lowered levels of six common pollutants -- particles, ozone, lead, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide -- as well as numerous toxic pollutants. The emissions have improved in the quality of the air that we breathe. Between 1990 and 2015, national concentrations of air pollutants improved 85 percent for lead, 84 percent for carbon monoxide, 67 percent for sulfur dioxide (1-hour), 60 percent for nitrogen dioxide (annual), and 3 percent for ozone. Fine particle concentrations (24-hour) improved 37 percent and coarse particle concentrations (24-hour) improved 69 percent between 2000, when trends data begins for fine particles, and 2015. Airborne lead pollution, a widespread health concern before EPA phased out lead in motor vehicle gasoline under Clean Air Act authority, now meets national air quality standards in most areas of the country. Further reductions in power plant pollution have been achieved. Efforts to cut interstate air pollution, achieving additional public health benefits and helping downwind states meet health-based air quality standards for fine particles and ozone. . It avoided premature deaths, heart attacks (acute myocardial infarction), millions of cases of respiratory problems such as acute bronchitis and asthma attacks, and hospital admissions, prevented lost workdays, improving worker productivity which contributes to a stronger economy, kept kids healthy and in school, avoiding lost school days due to respiratory illness and other diseases caused or exacerbated by air pollution. Clean air fosters healthy communities and a stronger economy, it works to protect Americansâ right to breathe by securing the strongest possible health protections and preventing the most dangerous polluters from dodging their legal requirements to clean up our air. Economic welfare and economic growth rates are improved because cleaner air means fewer air-pollution-related illnesses, which in turn means less money spent on medical treatments and lower absenteeism among American workers. The study projects that the beneficial economic effects of these two improvements alone more than offset the economic impacts from expenditures for pollution control.

AS.280.335 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Montreal Protocol, Nitrogen Dioxide, National Ambient Air Quality Standards

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