SCI 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Assortative Mating, Population Bottleneck, Adaptive Radiation
1. Mutation: source of heritable variation. Actual change in the DNA of an organism
2. Population: group of interbreeding individuals of same species; live in the same area at the same time
3. Adaptation: traits which give selective advantage to some individuals in a population
4. Descent with modification: all life on Earth shares common ancestor-modified from that ancestor by
changes in genetics of ancestral lines, ultimately giving rise to diversity, both past and present, of living
things
5. Selective agent/Pressure: environmental factors that influence which individuals leave more offspring
6. Population bottleneck: population size decreased severely resulting in reduction of genetic variation.
7. Founder effect: sall suset of lage populatio fouds o estalishes a new population-no gene
flow with original population. New population has less genetic variation than original.
8. Species: group of interbreeding individuals capable of producing viable offspring
9. Genetic diversity/Gene pool: all alleles carried in all individuals in an interbreeding population at a
given time
10. Population distribution: spatial arrangement of organisms within an area
11. Gene: specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA, which code for a particular protein
12. Allele: alternate form of a gene
13. Adaptive radiation: diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches
14. Population density: number of individuals present in population per unit area
15. Genotype/Phenotype: a’t see geotpe gees ut can see phenotype (color of hair)
16. Hybrid: offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule
17. Carrying capacity: maximum number of individuals that the environment can support
18. Biodiversity: variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
19. Assortative mating: non-random mating where similar genotypes/phenotypes prefer to mate with one
another
Desie ho the eolutio of the giaffe’s log ek ould e eplaied Laak ad Dai ou
should e ale to sustitute a gie tait fo the giaffe’s ek ad disuss the diffeee etee Laak
ad Dai’s ehaiss fo eolutio.
Lamarck: thought more so about each individual. Mechanism: inheritance of acquired traits
Darwin: was correct because thought the whole population figured it out. Mechanism: natural selection
Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection. What types of evidence did Darwin use to put together
his theory? Paleontology, taxonomy, biogeography, comparative anatomy, and artificial breeding programs
What evidence do we have available to us now, that Darwin did not have? Molecular biology, organic
chemistry
Define heritable and non-heritable variation, give examples of each, and explain how variation is involved in
Dai’s theo.
What ultimately helped him? Convergence of evidence: all evidence matches up and supports theory
Heritable variation: can be passed down (ex. Flamingo coloring, peacocks tail feathers)
Non-heitale: a’t e passed do e. “uiels eat etai uts that hages fu olo
How is variation involved? How some adapt and others don't
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Document Summary
Darwin: was correct because thought the whole population figured it out. Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection. Paleontology, taxonomy, biogeography, comparative anatomy, and artificial breeding programs. Define heritable and non-heritable variation, give examples of each, and explain how variation is involved in. Convergence of evidence: all evidence matches up and supports theory. (cid:395)ui(cid:396)(cid:396)els eat (cid:272)e(cid:396)tai(cid:374) (cid:374)uts that (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ges fu(cid:396) (cid:272)olo(cid:396)(cid:895) Evolution now: change in alleles in the population!!! Describe the 3 types of natural selection we discussed and give examples of each. Directional natural selection: favors 1 end of the spectrum over the other (ex. Destructive natural selection: favors both ends but not in between (ex. Stabilizing natural selection: the middle is favored (ex. sickle cell and malaria, medium baby birth weights do better) *** know shape of exponential (j-shaped) and logistic (s-shaped) graphs and formulas (2nd powerpoint) **** Describe the 3 other mechanisms of evolution and how they result in changes in allele frequencies.
