PSYC 256 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Speaker Types, Anterograde Amnesia, Toboggan
13 Jun 2018
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RETRIEVAL FROM LTM
Different Forms of Memory Testing
• Direct memory tests
o The rememberer is aware that they are retrieving information from a specific
past event
o In recall tasks, you have to generate the stimulus
▪ Modal penny vs actual penny
o Recall
▪ The rememberer has to generate the stimulus
o Recognition
▪ The rememberer is given the stimulus and has to assess their memory
for it
• Control: memory for lures
o Items that were not presented
• Memory is assessed by the ability to distinguish old from new
• Indirect Memory Tests
o Task performance is modified by a past event without the rememberer being
aware of the past event while performing the task
o Decision, identification, or generation tasks
o Measured by priming
▪ Change in task performance due to previous experience
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ZAPS: Lexical Decision
• How long to Identify 2nd word as a word?
o
RELATED
UNRELATED
bread-butter
nurse-butter
nurse-doctor
bread-doctor
pain-hurt
apple-hurt
apple-fruit
pain-fruit
=550 ms
//////??????/ * ??
Direct vs Indirect Testing
Other Indirect Memory Effects
• False Fame
• Illusions of Truth
• Common misspellings
•
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Memory Systems: Implicit
Implicit vs Explicit Memory
• Implicit memory is not influenced by
o Age
o Amnesia
o Depression
• Differentially influenced by
o Delay
o Levels of processing (deeper the encoding, the better your memory)
Delay
• Study:
o Subjects learn a list of uncommon words (e.g., Toboggan)
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