BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Maltose
Document Summary
Oligosaccharides: more than one monosaccharide linked together, disaccharides: two monosaccharides linked together, sucrose: glucose and fructose, maltose: glucose and glucose, lactose: glucose and galactose. Polysaccharides store energy: polysaccharides-thousands of monosaccharides joined in chains and branches, starch-made in plants; stores energy, glycogen-made in animals; stores energy, cellulose- indigestible polysaccharide made in plants for structural support. Lipids: 3 important classes of lipids, triglycerides- energy storage molecules, phospholipids- cell membrane structure, steroids- carbon-based ring structure, 2x more energy can be stored in 1g of fat than any other organic molecule. Triglycerides- known as fat and oils: composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids fatty acids, saturated (in fats, unsaturated (in oils, stored in adipose tissue, energy storage molecules. Phospolipids: structure, glycerol and 2 fatty acids and phosphate group, one end of molecule is water soluble (hydrophilic, other end of molecule is water insoluble (hydrophobic, function, primary component of cell membrane. Steroids: structure, 4 carbon rings, examples, cholesterol- a major membrane stabilizer, hormones.