BISC 130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Lipid Bilayer, Nuclear Pore, Golgi Apparatus
10 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Eukaryotic cell components: cytoplasm- everything inside the cell membrane. Cell membrane- defines inside and outside of cell; made of a lipid bilayer. Lysosomes- area for breaking down old proteins and organelles: full of enzymes, low ph which is bad for most proteins and causes them to denature, digestion of phagocytized particles. Peroxisome-breaks down lipids in the cell, produces harmful hydrogen peroxide, which it breaks down into harmless molecules. Vacuole (plant specific)- stores water and small molecules, often the largest organelle in the cell. Mitochondria- break down carbon sources to provide energy to the cell (metabolize sugars to atp: have an inner membrane with folds called cristae that increase the surface area of the membrane. Enzymes are embedded in the membrane to help with metabolic breakdown. Many reactions take place in this inner membrane: chloroplasts (plant specific)- perform photosynthesis, building glucose from carbon dioxide and water, contains thylakoid disks, stacked to make grana, contain dna and ribosomes, stroma-space around the grana.
