BIOL 2051 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Electron Acceptor, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
Document Summary
Photosynthesis: captures light, stores as chemical energy. Heterotrophy: uses captured chemical energy, builds other chemicals. Waste: each step gives off heat energy. Catabolism: breaking down molecules for energy. Anabolism: using energy to build cell components. Metabolism: balance between catabolism & anabolism, central biochemical pathways used for both. Major source of cell energy: passage of electrons releases energy. Electron transport found in all cells: different donors & acceptors. Phosphate added via dehydration: released via hydrolysis. Reduced geological compounds (rocks, inorganic compounds) (reduced) biological macromolecules (starch, fats) (energy source for animals) (first energy source) Activation energy- energy required to bring all molecules in a chemical reaction into the reactive state (break bonds) Enzymes- catalytic proteins; speed up biochemical reaction rates by lowering activation energy. Active site- portion of an enzyme to which substrate binds enzyme. Very specific for their substrate: cellulose vs. starch example.
