BIOL 1201 Lecture 15: Last Notes before Final Exam 2018
Document Summary
Cell signaling: direct contact, one cell physically contacts another, local, one cell signals cell in adjacent area, paracrine and synaptic signaling, distant, hormone signals. Stages of cell signaling: apply to all types of signaling, signal reception, most of the receptors are proteins bound in the plasma membrane. Because they are in the membrane, the signal molecules cannot pass through membrane by themselves, that why they need receptors: some receptors are located in the cytoplasm. They are membrane permeable and are almost always steroids: transduction, the action or process of converting signals from one from to another. Ion-gated channel: response, nuclear response: occurs as result of gene regulation (on or off, cytoplasmic response: regulation of some enzyme (on or off) Regulation of cell processes through signaling: antagonistic pairs, regulation by producing 2 different signal molecules that have opposite effect, negative feedback, regulation through negative feedback. Negative feedback: basic unit of the nervous system is a nerve cell is a neuron.
