BIOL 1201 Lecture : BIOL NOTES 2

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15 Mar 2019
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Chemical reactions: occur anytime 2 or more atoms, ions, or molecules collide in such a way that they produce a new substance. Law of thermodynamics: 1st law: energy can neither be created nor destroyed only converted from one form to another, 2nd law: when converting energy from one form to another, the amount of useful energy decreases. Free energy & chemical reactions: spontaneous: release free energy (exergonic, non-spontaneous: require free energy (endergonic) Non-living less organized lower energy: very slow. How do living systems accomplish this: external energy source (sun; center of the earth, organic catalysts (enzymes) Enzymes: almost all are proteins large globular proteins. Organic catalysts: speed up the rate of reaction, but aren"t used up during reaction, highly specific. Induced-fit model: the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme, this alters shape of enzyme, creating a fit that promotes reaction. Inhibitor binds to the active site and blocks access to the active site.

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