BIOL 1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Chemical Formula, Chemical Polarity, Covalent Bond

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indigognat287

5 Sep 2016

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Make observations: observation generalization or model prediction or hypothesis test. At end of test, circular model because of new set of observations. Get results that do or don"t fit the model which may require a change of the model. The goal is to make better models; models that are close to reality. Limitations of science are guided by observations; have to be able to observe the phenomena in order to move forward. As we move along in science, are models become better and better before they become asymptotic (never gets perfect) Different parts of biology are on different parts of the curve. Some things we understand really well, and others not as much. Being close to perfect isn"t always good: depends on the science. Biology is on low part of curve. Assume that the future is like the past. Hypothesis: a model or prediction that is untested. (anyone can have one: an untested form, all hypotheses are good or bad.

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Scientific Method Exercise
Identify a situation in which you applied the scientific approach to solving a problem. Share your thinking! The problem you choose to write about can be very simple, such as: my flashlight won't work, or my car won't start, or I baked muffins and they were flat ( didn't rise properly) , or the toilet won't flush properly, or better yet, think of your own. These probably don't sound like "science" problems, but it is most likely that you would use the scientific method to solve them, without even realizing it. Avoid using people problems and child or pet behavior issues as your "problem." Follow these steps to create your first writing assignment:

1. Describe the situation and your observation,
2. Describe your hypothesis to explain the observation.
3. Describe your further observations or experiments to test the hypothesis. Be sure your hypothesis is one that can be tested. Consider what you might use for "controls".
4. Was the hypothesis correct? If not, can you find a better one? Or do you need a better experiment? If so, what would it be?

The assignment should be formatted as follows: Be sure to include the labels, so it is clear that you recognize and identify each step in the process.
Problem: (briefly describe your problem here)
Question: (This may be a "how" or "why" question that you will formulate a tentative answer to. Your tentative answer is your hypothesis.)
Hypothesis: (State the answer to your question above. This is your "best guess" regarding the answer to the question.)
Prediction: (This describes your experiment very briefly and states the outcome you expect that would support your hypothesis)
Experiment: (Describe how you tested your hypothesis)
Results: (Describe what happened, and whether the results supported or failed to support your hypothesis)

Science can be defined as a systematic approach to acquiring knowledge. Science is based upon facts and evidence rather than beliefs or superstitions. To understand Biology and science, you must first examine how scientific knowledge is obtained. Science is a process that involves several steps. Read the description of the steps involved in the scientific method in the text paying close attention to the steps outlined in Section 1.3. Then pick one of the examples below and describe the steps of the scientific method you would use to test the question or find the solution to the problem. In other words, please design a virtual experiment (using the steps of the scientific method) to test the hypothesis you make about one of the questions listed below.

Be sure to identify the steps (observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment/test, controls, results, conclusions). In your responses to each other, help each other identify the parts of the process properly so that the results can be clearly interpreted.???

Will chilling an onion before cutting it keep you from crying?

If you shake up different kinds or brands of soft drinks (e.g., carbonated), will they all spew the same amount?

Do all breakfast cereals that say they have 100% of the U.S. recommended daily allowance (RDA) for iron really have the same amount?

Are all potato chips equally greasy (you can crush them to get uniform samples and look at the diameter of a grease spot on brown paper)? Is greasiness different if different oils are used (e.g., peanut versus soybean)?

Does eating breakfast have an effect on school performance?

Do the same types of mold grow on all types of bread?

Does increasing the ethylene concentration ripen fruit more quickly?

Can you use a household water filter to remove flavor or color from other liquids?

Does the power of a microwave affect how well it makes popcorn?

Can you tell/taste the difference between ground beef, chuck, and round after they have been cooked?

orangescorpion787

I need to answer questions ( very specifically ) 1. What did each of the bottles represent? What does the water represent? 2. What circulatory system structure do the check valves represent? What is their function in the circulatory system? 3. What do you predict would have happened if there were no valves present in the model? How would this affect the human body? Experiment 3: Modeling the Circulatory System In this experiment you will explore and model the structures and function of the circulatory system. Procedure 1. Use the permanent marker to label the plastic bottles 1 and 2. 2. Use a nail to carefully puncture two holes in the side of each bottle (approximately 3.5 cm from the bottom of the bottle) so that the holes are across from each other and at the same height from the bottom of the bottle. It is best to puncture the bottle with the nail straight through both sides. This will help keep the holes level. LAB SAFETY: BE EXTREMELY CAREFUL WHEN PUNCTURING THE BOTTLE. KEEP IN MIND WHERE YOUR HANDS ARE AT ALL TIMES. 3. You may need to maneuver the nail around the hole to make it large enough to fit the plastic tubing (Figure 7). The goal is for the tubing to fit tightly in the hole. 2 Check Valves 2 Drops of Dye Nail Permanent Marker 2 Plastic Bottles 60 cm of Tubing *Scissors *Water *You Must Provide Materials Figure 7: Maneuver the nail in a circular motion to enlarge the hole so that the tubing fits tightly. 386 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems 4. Carefully cut the 60 cm tubing into four equal lengths of 15 cm. 5. Attach one end of one piece of 15 cm tubing to the OUT end of a check valve. 6. Attach one end of a second piece of tubing to the IN end of the check valve. 7. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 for the remaining check valve. 8. Construct a closed system by inserting the free ends of the tubes into the holes you created in the plastic bottles to create a loop. The tubes should be far enough into the bottle so that water can flow from tube to bottle to tube. The tubes in each bottle should not touch (Figure 8). Note: Properly assembled models should have the direction of the check valves facing in opposite directions. 9. Fill each bottle Â¾ with water. The water level should be higher than the tubing. 10. Place the model on an underpad or paper towel to protect surfaces for the next step. This will also help catch water that leaks from the model. There should be minimal leaking if tubes are tightly in the bottles. 11. Place one drop of dye in each bottle and close the bottle by screwing on the caps. 12. Gently swirl the bottles to allow dye and water to mix. Be careful not to squeeze the bottles! 13. Note where the water is initially before squeezing the bottles and record your observations in Table 2. 14. Squeeze bottle 1 with both hands. Observe the direction of water flow and the water level in each bottle while you are squeezing and right after you stop squeezing. Record your observations in Table 2. 15. Repeat Step 13 for the bottle 2 and record your observations. 16. Squeeze one bottle and then the other back and forth.

BIOL 1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Chemical Formula, Chemical Polarity, Covalent Bond

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