BIOL 2051 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Lac Operon, Lactose Permease, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
Document Summary
Chapter overview: differential gene expression, the operon, global gene regulation, quorum sensing, two-component regulatory systems, chemotaxis. Introduction: this chapter illustrates mechanisms cells use to control gene expression in order to avoid energy waste. Differential gene expression: how are gene expression and enzyme activity controlled, cells don"t require all gene products at all times b. i. Constitutive genes do need to be constantly on. b. ii. Inducible genes are only required at particular times. For example, if a certain nutrient source is b. ii. 1. available: basic control of gene expression can take place during transcription, translation, or after translation. c. i, activity of enzymes d. i. Inhibition of enzymes may result from binding of an inhibitor molecule. d. i. 1. Conformation is altered and substrate can no longer bind to it. d. i. 2. Covalent modification may also alter enzyme conformations, altering activity. Chapter 11: regulation of gene expression d. ii. 1: production of enzymes e. i.
