BIOL 4087 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Adipose Tissue, Allosteric Regulation, Transmembrane Protein

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7 Dec 2017

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Increased levels of nadh feedback negatively into citric acid cycle by allosterically inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and (cid:417)-ketoglutarate decreases production of nadh and thus decrease production of. 2 of 7: complex i: nadh dehydrogenase, transfers the electrons from nadh to coenzyme q or ubiquinone (named because it is ubiquitous in respiring organisms), nadh is oxidized while the complex i is reduced. 3 of 7: the h+ flow back into the matrix through a pore associated with the enzyme atp synthase provides the only place to relieve this electrochemical and concentration gradient. Thus, h+ ions will flow spontaneously through the inner mitochondrial membrane from the intermembrane space into the matrix: atp synthase has two different types of subunits. Intermembrane space: f1 subunit (located in inner mitochondrial membrane, contains five different subunits and protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix. It also has the catalytic activity site of the enzyme.

Related Questions

Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes?

	Fermentation
	An electron transport chain
	Pyruvate oxidation
	Glycolysis
	All of the above

The primary purpose of catabolism is

	generation of ADP.
	generation of ATP.
	oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.
	degradation of organic molecules.
	biosynthesis.

What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast?

	It is reduced to lactic acid.
	It is oxidized to form glucose and carbon dioxide
	It is cleaved to form acetylaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
	It is catabolized in glycolysis.
	It is oxidized to form lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by

	a) externally provided compounds such asH<sub>2</sub>, lactate or formate.
	b) an intermediate electron carrier such as NADH.
	c) 0<sub>2</sub>.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar?

	Both use oxygen as a terminal electron carrier.
	These are other names for glycolysis.
	Both utilize inorganic molecules as terminal electronacceptors.
	Neither receives electrons from glycolysis.
	Anaerobic respiration does not exist in microbes.

The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate

	a) releases CO<sub>2</sub>.
	b) involves the conversion of ADP and ATP.
	c) involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
	d) Both a and b
	e) Both b and c

Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?

	The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid
	The complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ andH₂O
	The oxidation of a carbohydrate with organic molecules servingas electron donors and acceptors
	The production of ATP from glucose
	The production of ethanol from glucose

A reaction that yields energy has a

	positive ?G_o?.
	negative ?G_o?.
	positive ?E_o?.
	negative ?E_o?.
	negative ?H_o?.

Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause

	a) electrons generally accompany protons.
	b) protons generally accompany protons.
	c) electrons cannot exist free in solution.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

10.

Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration?

	It involves the reduction of oxygen.
	It involves the oxidation of oxygen.
	It involves the reduction of lactic acid.
	It involves the oxidation of lactic acid.
	It does not generate ATP.

plumgnu195

Question 18

The process that forms new glucose in the liver is called ...

	A.	glycogenolysis
	B.	Krebs cycle
	C.	lipolysis
	D.	gluconeogenisis
	E.	oxidative phosphorylation

Question 57

A person exercises in their âfat burning zoneâ for 4 hours at 35% VO₂peak. The O₂ cost of exercise at that work rate is 0.5L/minute. Following exercise the subject rewards himself with an ice-cream sundae (700kcal). The following statement is true(assume 5kcal/lit of O₂):

	A.	The subject is in neutral energy balance
	B.	The subject consumed fewer calories than they expended during exercise
	C.	The subject consumed more calories than they expended during exercise
	D.	Canât say

Question 52

The primary purpose of the citric acid cycle is...

		aerobic glycolysis
		gluconeogenesis using lactate
		the decarboxylation of carbon compounds to produce NADH.
		the shuttling of hydrogen ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 51

In aerobic ATP production, the role of oxygen is to...

		to keep the electron transport chain operational
		to accept electrons from the 3rd cytochrome and thereby oxidizing it so it can accept new electrons
		act as a oxidizing agent by accepting electrons from the electron transport chain and combining with hydrogen ions (protons)
		all of the above

Question 50

Glucose is necessary for fatty acid oxidation because...

		its derivative, pyruvate, is condensated with carbonic acid to form oxaloacetate, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle
		it is needed to convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA which in turn is oxidized to acetyl CoA
		glucose is decarboxylated into cytochrome oxidase which is a necessary intermediate in the citric acid cycle
		its derivative, acetyl CoA, is condensated with carbonic acid to form lactase, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle

olivegoat873

Phototrophs need an electron source like H₂S orH₂O. Where do the electrons from these sources go?(Assume the organism is growing autotrophically as well astophototrophically.)

	O₂ and CO₂
	O₂ only
	CO₂ only
	Sulfate or oxygen
	Inorganic various molecules, depending on cellular needs.

Which of the following statements about chlorophyll istrue?

	It is a good electron acceptor in its oxidized form.
	It is a good electron donor in its reduced form when energizedby light.
	It contains magnesium.
	It is a tetrapyrrole.
	All of the above

The unifying feature of all photosynthetic organisms isa(n)

	electron transfer chain.
	electron donating system to generate NADPH.
	ATP-generating system.
	light-gathering system.
	All of the above

Evidence suggests that banded iron formations are due to

	chemical oxidation of reduced iron, Fe²⁺.
	aerobic reduction of insoluble ferric iron, Fe(OH)₃.
	anaerobic oxidation of soluble ferrous iron,Fe²⁺.
	Both a and b
	Both a and c

In addition to their ability to harvest light in the 400 to 500nm range, carotenoids also

	eject electrons from the reaction center.
	function as a tetrapyrrole.
	intercept toxic single-state oxygen.
	transfer electrons to ubiquinone.
	raise electrons to a higher energy state.

Ribosomal RNA and other cell features affirm that living cellsshould be divided into three groups called domains.

	True
	False

Microbes have started to evolve recently.

	True
	False

The ________ was essential for the evolution of oxygenicphotosynthesis.

	evolution of cyanobacteria
	development of photosystem I
	ability to extract electrons from CO₂
	ability to extract electrons from H₂O
	ability to use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor

What do oxygenic phototrophs use as an electron source?

	Oxygen
	Sulfide
	Water
	Organic compounds
	CO₂

10.

Three domains of organisms have been established basedprimarily on size and other structural features of the cells.

	True
	False

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BIOL 4087 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Adipose Tissue, Allosteric Regulation, Transmembrane Protein

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