COMD 4490 Lecture : Lecture 3 A P Basics Tuning Fork Tests 1
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Case study 2: discuss some of the many physiological adaptations to temperature gradients in animals (block, 1994; hazel, 1984; else and hulbert, 1987). It is well known that muscle generates heat through its contraction and relaxation cycle. Exercising, shivering, and nonshivering thermogenesis provide excess heat within the muscle. Fish typically are ectothermic, their bodies typically remaining within a few degrees of the surrounding water temperature. Tuna are systematic endotherms and have the ability to elevate their muscle, brain, and viscera temperatures in a similar fashion as mammals through muscle contractions. They conserve heat in tissues with high aerobic capacities via vascular counter- current heat exchangers. There are several species that have the ability to elevate their internal temperature by heater organs modified muscles. The most remarkable heat organ studied is found in the swordfish, which travels to depths greater than 600 m and undergoes as much as.
