GEOL 1001 Lecture : GEOL Lecture 5
Document Summary
Minerals are composed of atoms bonded together and are the building blocks of rocks. Rocks are composed of minerals and they record various geologic processes. Less than 100 are known (92 are naturally occurring) Consists of protons ( + charges) and neutrons. Negatively charged particles that surround the nucleus (-charges) Number of protons (+) equals the number of electrons(-) The innermost orbital (shell) can hold a max of 2 electrons. Other orbitals can hold a max of 8 electrons. In multi-electron atoms, orbitals are filled in sequence from the innermost to the outermost. Formation of a compound by combining two or more elements. Atoms gain or lose outermost (valence) electrons to form ions. Ionic compounds consist of an orderly arrangement of oppositely charged ions. Both ionic and covalent bonds typically occur in the same compound. Valence electrons are free to migrate among atoms. Mass number=sum of neutrons + protons in an atom.
