MGT 3200 Lecture : Motivation Notes
MOTIVATION
1. What are the five needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? (Know what each need is and be
able to recognize what need is being satisfied in a given situation)
1) Physiological-need for food, water, air, and sex.
2) Safety-need for security, stability, and freedom from fear or threat.
3) Social-need for friendship, affection, acceptance, and interaction with others.
4) Esteem-need for personal feelings of achievement, self-esteem, and recognition
and respect from peers.
5) Self-actualization-a feeling of self-fulfillment or the realization of one’s potential.
MAXIMUM PERSONAL MOTIVATION, THE NEED FOR GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT, BE ALL THAT YOU CAN BE.
2. According to Maslow, what motivates your behavior?
According to Maslow, people are motivated by the lowest unsatisfied need in the
hierarchy.
3. What does Maslow believe about satisfied needs?
According to Maslow, satisfaction of a need triggers dissatisfaction at the next higher
level.
4. If a need is frustrated, what will the employee experience, according to Maslow? Can the
employee still be motivated if his/her needs are frustrated?
The state of “stuckedness”, being stuck
- You can’t go up or down
- The employee can no longer be motivated (productivity, etc. will all suffer)
5. What needs are typically unsatisfied in most organizations? Why is this the case? What
would help satisfy these needs?
Esteem and self-actualization- because most jobs are specialized
• Good health insurance- Safety
• Apple wine and cheese party- Social
• Banquet recognize performance with award- Esteem
• Money- Can satisfy all of your needs
- Enriched or craft would help satisfy these needs
6. What need is the highest level of personal motivation? How many people reach this level?
Is it ever fully satisfied or fulfilled?
Self-actualization-a feeling of self-fulfillment or the realization of one’s potential.
MAXIMUM PERSONAL MOTIVATION, THE NEED FOR GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT, BE ALL THAT YOU CAN BE.
Very few people ever reach it and it is hardly ever satisfied.
7. What is a peak experience?
Peak experience: the best you can be at that moment in time; “in the zone”
- Momentary self-actualization- at that one moment in time you are the best you
can be
8. What does the research say about Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
1) Research has not been able to find more than 2 to 3 needs, instead of 5.
2) People don’t climb the hierarchy in the same progression.
3) Satisfaction does not reduce the drive for self-actualization-in fact, once people
have self-actualized they want more.
4) They have found no support that a highly satisfied need is no longer an important
motivator of behavior.
9. What is a cafeteria style benefits plan?
- Pick and choose the benefits that you need (health & life insurance)
- Pick out the ones that fits you
-opposite: across the board benefits
10. How would you apply Maslow’s theory of motivation if you were a manager?
- Flexibility
- People are motivated by different needs so they will find different things rewarding
- Managers should motivate differently because everyone is at a different point on the
hierarchy (“tailor the motivation to fit the individual”)
- People can move up or down in the hierarchy and different things can motivate them
over time
11. What are the three needs in ERG theory that can motivate behavior?
1. Existence Needs – similar to Maslow’s physiological and safety needs.
2. Relatedness Needs – similar to Maslow’s social and self-esteem needs.
3. Growth Needs – similar to Maslow’s self-actualization need.
12. How do the three needs in ERG theory match up to the five needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs?
See 11
13. What does Alderfer’s ERG theory say about a satisfied need?
Maslow and Alderfer both agree on “fulfillment progression”-once a need is satisfied,
you move up the hierarchy (Maslow) or the continuum (Alderfer).
14. What is the frustration-regression principle in ERG theory? What does it say about need
frustration?
Alderfer feels that when higher level needs aren’t satisfied, the individual regresses and
tries to gain additional gratification at lower levels of needs.
15. What does Herzberg say is the opposite of job satisfaction? The opposite of job
dissatisfaction?
He suggests that the opposite of job satisfaction is not job dissatisfaction, but no job
satisfaction. He also suggested that the opposite of job dissatisfaction is no job
dissatisfaction.
16. What is a motivator factor and what is it related to in 2-factor theory? (be able to recognize
what are motivators on the job). Motivators are like what needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?
. These factors produced job satisfaction. He thought that these were directly related to
job content, reflecting a need for personal fulfillment. Motivators include achievement,
recognition, and work itself, responsibility, advancement, and personal growth.
Motivators are roughly equivalent to the two upper level needs of Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs. INTRINSIC FACTORS
17. What is a hygiene factor and what is it related to in 2-factor theory? (be able to recognize
what are hygienes on the job). Hygienes are like what needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?
These factors are related to job dissatisfaction. Presence of these leads to no job
dissatisfaction, whereas absence of these factors led to job dissatisfaction. He thought
that these were directly related to job context (work setting). Hygienes include company
policies and administration, supervision, relations with one’s supervisors and peers,
working conditions, and pay. Hygienes are roughly equivalent to the three lower level
needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. EXTRINSIC FACTORS
18. What does Herzberg advocate as the only way to motivate employees (i.e., make them job
satisfied)?
Job Enrichment
19. What is the effect of good pay, good supervision, good benefits, etc…on job dissatisfaction?
Can hygiene factors motivate people according to Herzberg?
To the degree that hygienes are absent, dissatisfaction will occur. When present,
hygienes prevent dissatisfaction, but don’t lead to job satisfaction.
20. If I gave you an example of a person holding a certain type of job (e.g., specialized or
enriched) and having either good or poor hygienes (e.g., pay, benefits, and supervision), you
will be able to tell me what the person is experiencing in terms of job satisfaction or no job
satisfaction and job dissatisfaction or no job dissatisfaction).
21. What are the problems with Herzberg’s 2-factor theory?
1) Some people’s hygienes (pay, etc.) are other people’s motivators.
2) The sample Herzberg based his theory on (Accountants and Engineers) is not
representative of the total work force. Research has shown differences in work
preferences of professional and nonprofessional employees.
3) The manner (interviews using the critical incidents technique) in which Herzberg
gathered information for his theory was faulty. People attribute success to their own
achievements (job content-motivator factors) and failure to factors beyond their control
(job context-hygiene factors). This is known as the self-serving bias.
4) It is a one best-way theory of motivation. It assumes that all employees will be
motivated by job enrichment.
Document Summary
Motivation: what are the five needs in maslow"s hierarchy of needs? (know what each need is and be able to recognize what need is being satisfied in a given situation) Safety-need for security, stability, and freedom from fear or threat. Social-need for friendship, affection, acceptance, and interaction with others. Esteem-need for personal feelings of achievement, self-esteem, and recognition and respect from peers. Esteem and self-actualization- because most jobs are specialized: good health insurance- safety, apple wine and cheese party- social, banquet recognize performance with award- esteem, money- can satisfy all of your needs. Self-actualization-a feeling of self-fulfillment or the realization of one"s potential. Maximum personal motivation, the need for growth and. Peak experience: the best you can be at that moment in time; in the zone . Research has not been able to find more than 2 to 3 needs, instead of 5. People don"t climb the hierarchy in the same progression.
