BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Ernst Haeckel, Ecosystem Ecology, Landscape Ecology
Document Summary
Lecture objectives - ecology: define ecology, both historically and in the modern sense. Historically: (ernst haekel 1866): the relationship of an animal to both its organic and inorganic environment. Modern: scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments. How natural systems are maintained and how they can breakdown under stresses: describe the link between ecology and evolutionary biology. Over time, changes in the environment (ecology) result in changes within populations (evolution: distinguish among organismal ecology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, global ecology, landscape ecology and restoration ecology. Organismal: behavioral, physiological, and morphological interactions of individuals with their environment- genetically determined. Community: defined by interactions and associations among populations. Population: factors that affects population size and composition: birth/death rates; densities. (lowest level to evolve) Ecosystem: energy flow and nutrient cycling between organisms and physical/chemical environment ( food webs ) Landscape: exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple, connected ecosystems.
