BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: The Plant Cell, Nuclear Membrane, Endomembrane System
Document Summary
All organisms are made up of cells. The cell is the fundamental unit of life. This theory could not be proposed until the 19th century, with contributions from schlieren and schwann (who observed millions of plant and animal specimens under the microscope) and many others. The tree of life has three main branches/domains: eukarya, bacteria, and archaea. Cell construction: all cells must have a membrane dna ribosomes cytoplasm. Because the dna is not separated from the cytoplasm. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in size and organization. The nucleus, mitochondria, plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, The plant cell wall is a rigid barrier composed of polysaccharides. Mitochondria are rod-shaped organelles that harness energy from chemical compounds and convert it into atp (the usable energy of the cell). They are present in almost all eukaryotic cells. Proposes that mitochondria and coroplasts evolved from prokaryotic cells that were capable of aerobic respiration (mitochondria) or photosynthesis (chloroplasts).
