HST 140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Millennium, Hyksos, Indus River
Document Summary
*climate change contributes to collapse of old kingdom eqypt, mesopotamia, and harappan societies between 2200-1900 bce. Nomadic movement and the emergence of territorial states. Technology put pressure on societies to evolve and survive. Horses become food source, then domesticated work animals by 4th milennium. Chariot was invented, improving leisure, warfare, and hunting. Spoked wheels improve weight and mobility of existing wheels. Bronze is added to the chariots to improve them. Territorial states become centralized kingdoms on a small scale, different than city- Iron begins to replace bronze, perfected by 1600 bce states bc of authority structure, legal coding, and definable borders. Middle kingdom more stable than the old kingdom. 2050 bce the nile returns to normal. Power is consolidated in thebes, then begins to push outwards. Trade begins again, expanding further for precious items. Hyksos invde, ending middle kingdom in 1640 bce. Egyptian uses hyksos technology to take egyptian throne. Finally perfect bronze, pottery, vertical looms w/trade diplomacy.
