BIOL 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Mitosis, Softwood, Ginkgoales
Document Summary
The sporophytes are the collection of true organs (roots, leaves, stems) The leaf equivalent is called a frond with pinnate, the pinnae look like leaves but the true. Fertile: has sorus with sporangia that produce spores to make gametophytes. The sorus arrangement can be used as an identifier. Horsetail- white and black stripes are the leaves but are not used for photosynthesis, the horsetail is a unique sporangiophore. True ferns-part of polypodiophyta leaves come as bunches. Establish extreme heterospory- ovules and pollen grains in all seeded plants. Retention of the megaspore in the megasporangium *(no more spore dispersal) Fertilization occurs in the megagametophyte, in the megasporangium. Tend to be shrubs or small trees, with no wood. Separate male and female plants, standard for cycads. Cone (female)- made of modified branches (a unique conifer feature) Male and females are on the same plant. Hardwood has vessel elements (is not harder than the softwood)
