BIOS10115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Obligate Aerobe, Microaerophile, Aerotolerant Anaerobe

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3 Dec 2016

School

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOS10115

Professor

Patricia Vaughan

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Document Summary

Some factors that affect bacterial growth: temperature. Prokaryotes have been found in all extremes of temperatures on earth: oxygen. If an organism can use oxygen and oxygen is available, it can go through the krebs"s cycle and produce much more atp. Our bodies contain aerobic and anaerobic (anoxic) sites. Means, if oxygen is present, you grow better, but even if it is not better you are still able to grow. Some oxygen can survive in both conditions and growth in both. Full oxygen ~21%, microaerophiles prefer about 5-10% (a) only growth at the top, no growth at top aerobic likes oxygen obligate aerobe because it can only grow at the top. (b) only grows at the bottom anaerobic only grows without the presence of oxygen. (c) growth everywhere but more dense at the very top facultative aerobe. (d) best growth is right below the oxygen type of organisms that like a little less oxygen microaerophile.

Related Questions

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following describes lipids?

a source of nutrients for organisms â¨

energy-storage molecules â¨

molecules having structural role in membranes â¨

molecules that are part of hormones and pigments â¨

all of the above â¨

2. Molecules bearing both polar and nonpolar groups are said to be which of the following?

a. hydrophilicâ¨

b. amphipathic

c. hydrophobic

d. polyfunctional

3. By definition, carbohydrates contain which elements?

carbon and hydrogen â¨

carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen â¨

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen â¨

carbon and oxygen â¨

4. Monosaccharides may link together to form polysaccharides by forming which type of bond?

a. hydrogen

b. peptideâ¨

c. ionicâ¨

d. glycosidic

5. Which of the following is the name for molecules whose structures are nonsuperimposable mirror images?

structural isomers â¨

monomers â¨

polymers â¨

enantiomers â¨

Which of the following is an organism that obtains its energy from the transfer of electrons originating from chemical compounds and its carbon from an inorganic source?

a. chemoautotroph

b. chemoheterotroph

c. photoheterotroph

d. photoautotroph

7. A cell might perform anaerobic respiration for which of the following reasons?

It lacks glucose for degradation. â¨

It lacks the transition reaction to convert â¨pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. â¨

It lacks Krebs cycle enzymes for processing â¨acetyl-CoA to CO2. â¨

It lacks a cytochrome oxidase for passing â¨electrons to oxygen. â¨

8. Which of the following is not an electron carrier within an electron transport system?

a. flavoprotein

b. ATP synthase

c. ubiquinone

d. cytochrome oxidase

9. Which of the following is the purpose of fermentation?

a. to make ATP

b. to make carbon molecule intermediates for anabolism

c. to make NADH

d. to make NAD+

10. Which of the following processes produces hydrogen sulfide?

anoxygenic photosynthesis â¨

oxygenic photosynthesis â¨

anaerobic respiration â¨

chemoautrophy â¨

11. In which growth phase would you observe the most endospores in a Bacillus cell culture?

death phase â¨

lag phase â¨

log phase â¨

log, lag, and death phases would all have roughly â¨the same number of endospores. â¨

12. Which of the following is the best definition of generation time in a bacterium?

a. the length of time it takes to reach the log phase â¨

b. the length of time it takes for a population of â¨cells to double â¨

c. the time it takes to reach stationary phase â¨

the length of time of the exponential phase â¨

If a culture starts with 50 cells, how many cells will be present after five generations with no cell death?

a. 200

b. 400

c. 1600

d. 3200

14. During which phase would penicillin, an antibiotic that inhibits cell-wall synthesis, be most effective?

death phase â¨

lag phase â¨

log phase â¨

stationary phase â¨

15. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that infects the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. The bacterium is probably which of the following?

an aerotolerant anaerobe â¨

an obligate aerobe â¨

an obligate anaerobe â¨

a facultative anaerobe â¨

16. Which of the following refers to photosynthesis performed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons?

a. oxygenicâ¨

b. anoxygenic

c. heterotrophic

d. phototrophic

17. Which term best describes the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and humans?
A. amensalism

B. commensalism

C. parasitism

D. predation

18. Which describes bacteria that require low concentrations of oxygen to survive (less than that in the current atmosphere)?

A. facultative anaerobes

B. microaerophiles

C. obligate aerobes

D. obligate anaerobes

19. Cyanobacteria produce which of the following?

A. hydrogen sulfide gas
B. large quantities of ammonia

C. oxygen*
D. sulfuric acid

20.How do Archaea differ from Bacteria?

A. Archaea are found exclusively in extreme habitats.
B. Archaea have ether linkages in their cell membranes.*

C. Archaea have peptidoglycan cell walls.

D. Archaea lack a nucleus.

Question 1

A microorganism's ability to use a harmful pesticide as a source of carbon and energy is an example of

Select one:

a. chemoautotrophy

b. nitrogen fixation

c. bioremediation

d. photoautotrophy

e. biosynthesis

Question 2

Autotrophs and heterotrophs differ in

Select one:

a. their ability to utilize CO2 as a sole carbon source.

b. their ability to incorporate CO2 into cells.

c. only a few enzymes.

d. their ability to synthesize precursor molecules.

e. their ability to utilize CO2 as a sole energy source.

Question 3

If the amino acid valine constituted approximately 4% of the total cell protein of a bacterium, how much valine should be added to a defined medium in order to grow 1 gram of this organism?

Select one:

a. 0.2 mg

b. 2 mg

c. 20 mg

d. 40 mg

e. 200 mg

Question 4

Transport of HPO₄ along with a proton (H⁺) is an example of

Select one:

a. antiport

b. uniport

c. facilitated diffusion

d. symport

e. group translocation

Question 5

The energy required for transport via ABC transporters is derived from

Select one:

a. a proton gradient

b. an electrical charge separation across the membrane

c. ATP hydrolysis

d. a symport mechanism

e. a high energy phosphate bond of PEP

Question 6

The spread plate method would clearly be preferred over the pour plate method when isolating colonies of

Select one:

a. anaerobic bacteria

b. thermophilic bacteria

c. bacteria from temperate lake zones

d. purple non-sulfur bacteria

e. agar-degrading bacteria

Question 7

Enrichment culture procedures for many microorganisms require intial growth in liquid media, followed by growth on solid media. The solid media is used to

Select one:

a. provide proper growth conditions.

b. isolate single colonies of the microbes.

c. get rid of competing microorganisms.

d. isolate strict aerobes.

e. enrich for specific nutrients.

Question 8

The optical density of light scattered by bacteria is a very useful tool for estimating population size. What can alter the bacteria's light-scattering properties?

Select one:

a. Cell volume depending on its growth stage

b. The condition of being absent of microorganisms.

c. The amount of light projected from the room.

d. The standard curve

e. Standard deviation from growth curve.

Question 9

What is true about a bacterial colony?

Select one:

a. It arises from an individual cell and represents an isolate strain.

b. Colonies, and CFU (colony forming units) on streak plates represent a diverse microbial culture.

c. In order to obtain a colony, on must perform cloning steps.

d. Axenic cultures to not represent CFUs or colonies.

e. Colonies require differential media in order to separate them from the population.

Question 10

What is a biofilm?

Select one:

a. All cells in a population achieve a steady state

b. A specialized, surface-attached, collaborative community of bacteria

c. A complex media made of the chemical building blocks that a cell needs

d. A type of anaerobic growth chamber.

e. A type of spore

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BIOS10115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Obligate Aerobe, Microaerophile, Aerotolerant Anaerobe

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