CHEM46497 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Threonine, Scaffold Protein, Insulin
Document Summary
Understand the four types of signaling: endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, and juxtacrine. Endocrine hormone style signaling far off targets. Paracrine signaling eicosanoid style signaling localized to areas where the signal is being produced. Juxtacrine localized to cells in physical contact with where the signal is being produced. First messengers are things like neurotransmitters and hormones. Found outside of the cell and attach to membrane receptors. Amplification is when one enzyme activates multiple other enzymes, number amplification (cid:0) receptor (cid:0) transduction (cid:0) response of affected molecules rises exponentially as you move down the cascade. Compares total hormone added to amount of bound hormone. Bmax is when exactly half of hormone i bound. Kd is the concentration of hormone added when bmax is reached. Epinephrine is the hormone associated with the sympathetic nervous system. Acts on adrenergic receptors (a type of g-protein coupled receptor) 7 alpha helice transmembrane protein with random coils sticking out that bind to the first messenger.