ADHM 141 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: World Trade Organization, Theoretical Definition, World Tourism Organization
22 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Unique Characteristics of Tourism Services: (review)
Simultaneity
○
Heterogeneity
○
Intangibility
○
Perishability
○
•
Tourism Concept and Definitions
Tourism is a complex and multifaceted activity
○
It is important that, as a group, we have a common understanding of the concepts of tourism
and the various approaches to defining it and thinking about it.
Definition is important
For credibility
□
For measurement and producing statistics of demand and supply
□
For legislation purposes
□
§
○
•
Tourism Definitions
Tend to be done according to individual needs, or by the background of the person defining
tourism (Examples)
Geographers are interested in defining tourism places
§
Economist think about tourism consumption
§
Sociologists see tourist as groups of people
§
Psychologists study tourists as individuals
§
○
•
•
In North Dakota, there
are at least 30 different
businesses of
tourism.ees
My Definition of Tourism: Tourism is when people travel to a different place other than their home to
undergo experiences.
•
Tourism Definition
Demand side based definition are well developed
We can think of them in terms of both conceptual an technical definitions
§
Supply sided based definitions are more recent but now clarified.
§
○
•
Demand Side Definitions:
Conceptual definitions: (Problem with conceptual approach is that it's not precise enough to allow
measurement of tourism.)
A conceptual definition attempts to differentiate tourism from other types of mobility such
as commuting or migration.
§
Conceptual definitions say that tourism involves a movement or a stay that are temporary.
§
○
The key Concepts that define Tourism:
Displacement
§
Purposes
§
Duration
§
○
Technical Definitions:
Purpose of visit: leisure, business, common interest
§
Length of stay: at least 24 hours, no longer than a year
§
Destination: Other than usual of residence/work
§
Distance: More than approx. 100 miles
§
○
•
Supply Side Definitions:
Supply side definition of tourism have proved more difficult to resolve and it is only since 2000
that an agreement has been reached.
○
Key Issue: Deciding which businesses and organizations should be included in the definition of the
tourism sector.
○
•
UNWTO Definitions: Tourists vs. Same day visitors
Tourist: any person traveling to a place other than that of his/er usual environment for less than a
year and whose main purpose of trip is other than exercise of an activity remunerated from within
the place visited.
○
Visitors are people who stay at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in a place
visited. Otherwise they are called same-day visitors
○
Tourism: Comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes.
○
•
Businesses & Organizations in Tourism:
Accommodation (Hotels), food and beverage, retail
○
Association sector (heritage sites, theme parks, sporting events)
○
Attractions and event sectors
○
Convention and exhibition sector
○
Regulatory and coordinating sector
○
Transportations (Air, ferry, cruise, rail, bus, car)
○
Travel trade intermediary
○
Destination Marketing (visitor and convention bureau)
○
•
Tourism Satellite Account (TSA)
A satellite account is a term developed by the United Nations to measure the size of economic
sectors
○
Key from a measurement standpoint is associating their purchases to the total supply of these
goods and services within a country.
○
TSA is a new statistical instrument designed to measure goods and services according to
international standards of concepts, classifications, and definition which allow for valid
comparisons internationally.
○
•
WTO Classification:
Inbound international tourism: Visits by non-residents of that country (ex: When people come to
the U.S.)
○
Outbound international tourism: Visits by the residents of a country to other countries (ex: If I
went to a different country.)
○
Domestic tourism: Visits by residents within their own country (ex: If I went to a different state)
○
Internal tourism: Visits by residents and non-residents within a country (domestic & inbound
international) (ex: If I went to Cali with a person from Germany.)
○
National Tourism: Visits by the residents of a country to other countries plus visits by residents
within their own country. (Ex: If I went to Germany with someone from there.)
○
•
System Approach for the Study of Tourism:
To emphasize the interdependency of the various sectors of tourism.
○
To highlight the complexity and variety in all aspects of tourism.
○
To better display the great level of competitiveness in tourism today.
○
To emphasize the need for responsiveness.
○
•
DEFINING TOURISM
Tuesday, January 17, 2017
12:26 PM
Unique Characteristics of Tourism Services: (review)
Simultaneity
○
Heterogeneity
○
Intangibility
○
Perishability
○
•
Tourism Concept and Definitions
Tourism is a complex and multifaceted activity
○
It is important that, as a group, we have a common understanding of the concepts of tourism
and the various approaches to defining it and thinking about it.
Definition is important
For credibility
□
For measurement and producing statistics of demand and supply
□
For legislation purposes
□
§
○
•
Tourism Definitions
Tend to be done according to individual needs, or by the background of the person defining
tourism (Examples)
Geographers are interested in defining tourism places
§
Economist think about tourism consumption
§
Sociologists see tourist as groups of people
§
Psychologists study tourists as individuals
§
○
•
•
In North Dakota, there
are at least 30 different
businesses of
tourism.ees
My Definition of Tourism: Tourism is when people travel to a different place other than their home to
undergo experiences.
•
Tourism Definition
Demand side based definition are well developed
We can think of them in terms of both conceptual an technical definitions
§
Supply sided based definitions are more recent but now clarified.
§
○
•
Demand Side Definitions:
Conceptual definitions: (Problem with conceptual approach is that it's not precise enough to allow
measurement of tourism.)
A conceptual definition attempts to differentiate tourism from other types of mobility such
as commuting or migration.
§
Conceptual definitions say that tourism involves a movement or a stay that are temporary.
§
○
The key Concepts that define Tourism:
Displacement
§
Purposes
§
Duration
§
○
Technical Definitions:
Purpose of visit: leisure, business, common interest
§
Length of stay: at least 24 hours, no longer than a year
§
Destination: Other than usual of residence/work
§
Distance: More than approx. 100 miles
§
○
•
Supply Side Definitions:
Supply side definition of tourism have proved more difficult to resolve and it is only since 2000
that an agreement has been reached.
○
Key Issue: Deciding which businesses and organizations should be included in the definition of the
tourism sector.
○
•
UNWTO Definitions: Tourists vs. Same day visitors
Tourist: any person traveling to a place other than that of his/er usual environment for less than a
year and whose main purpose of trip is other than exercise of an activity remunerated from within
the place visited.
○
Visitors are people who stay at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in a place
visited. Otherwise they are called same-day visitors
○
Tourism: Comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes.
○
•
Businesses & Organizations in Tourism:
Accommodation (Hotels), food and beverage, retail
○
Association sector (heritage sites, theme parks, sporting events)
○
Attractions and event sectors
○
Convention and exhibition sector
○
Regulatory and coordinating sector
○
Transportations (Air, ferry, cruise, rail, bus, car)
○
Travel trade intermediary
○
Destination Marketing (visitor and convention bureau)
○
•
Tourism Satellite Account (TSA)
A satellite account is a term developed by the United Nations to measure the size of economic
sectors
○
Key from a measurement standpoint is associating their purchases to the total supply of these
goods and services within a country.
○
TSA is a new statistical instrument designed to measure goods and services according to
international standards of concepts, classifications, and definition which allow for valid
comparisons internationally.
○
•
WTO Classification:
Inbound international tourism: Visits by non-residents of that country (ex: When people come to
the U.S.)
○
Outbound international tourism: Visits by the residents of a country to other countries (ex: If I
went to a different country.)
○
Domestic tourism: Visits by residents within their own country (ex: If I went to a different state)
○
Internal tourism: Visits by residents and non-residents within a country (domestic & inbound
international) (ex: If I went to Cali with a person from Germany.)
○
National Tourism: Visits by the residents of a country to other countries plus visits by residents
within their own country. (Ex: If I went to Germany with someone from there.)
○
•
System Approach for the Study of Tourism:
To emphasize the interdependency of the various sectors of tourism.
○
To highlight the complexity and variety in all aspects of tourism.
○
To better display the great level of competitiveness in tourism today.
○
To emphasize the need for responsiveness.
○
•
DEFINING TOURISM
Tuesday, January 17, 2017
12:26 PM
Unique Characteristics of Tourism Services: (review)
Simultaneity
○
Heterogeneity
○
Intangibility
○
Perishability
○
•
Tourism Concept and Definitions
Tourism is a complex and multifaceted activity
○
It is important that, as a group, we have a common understanding of the concepts of tourism
and the various approaches to defining it and thinking about it.
Definition is important
For credibility□
For measurement and producing statistics of demand and supply□
For legislation purposes□
§
○
•
Tourism Definitions
Tend to be done according to individual needs, or by the background of the person defining
tourism (Examples)
Geographers are interested in defining tourism places
§
Economist think about tourism consumption
§
Sociologists see tourist as groups of people
§
Psychologists study tourists as individuals
§
○
•
•
In North Dakota, there
are at least 30 different
businesses of
tourism.ees
My Definition of Tourism: Tourism is when people travel to a different place other than their home to
undergo experiences.
•
Tourism Definition
Demand side based definition are well developed
We can think of them in terms of both conceptual an technical definitions
§
Supply sided based definitions are more recent but now clarified.
§
○
•
Demand Side Definitions:
Conceptual definitions: (Problem with conceptual approach is that it's not precise enough to allow
measurement of tourism.)
A conceptual definition attempts to differentiate tourism from other types of mobility such
as commuting or migration.
§
Conceptual definitions say that tourism involves a movement or a stay that are temporary.
§
○
The key Concepts that define Tourism:
Displacement
§
Purposes
§
Duration
§
○
Technical Definitions:
Purpose of visit: leisure, business, common interest
§
Length of stay: at least 24 hours, no longer than a year
§
Destination: Other than usual of residence/work
§
Distance: More than approx. 100 miles
§
○
•
Supply Side Definitions:
Supply side definition of tourism have proved more difficult to resolve and it is only since 2000
that an agreement has been reached.
○
Key Issue: Deciding which businesses and organizations should be included in the definition of the
tourism sector.
○
•
UNWTO Definitions: Tourists vs. Same day visitors
Tourist: any person traveling to a place other than that of his/er usual environment for less than a
year and whose main purpose of trip is other than exercise of an activity remunerated from within
the place visited.
○
Visitors are people who stay at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in a place
visited. Otherwise they are called same-day visitors
○
Tourism: Comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes.
○
•
Businesses & Organizations in Tourism:
Accommodation (Hotels), food and beverage, retail
○
Association sector (heritage sites, theme parks, sporting events)
○
Attractions and event sectors
○
Convention and exhibition sector
○
Regulatory and coordinating sector
○
Transportations (Air, ferry, cruise, rail, bus, car)
○
Travel trade intermediary
○
Destination Marketing (visitor and convention bureau)
○
•
Tourism Satellite Account (TSA)
A satellite account is a term developed by the United Nations to measure the size of economic
sectors
○
Key from a measurement standpoint is associating their purchases to the total supply of these
goods and services within a country.
○
TSA is a new statistical instrument designed to measure goods and services according to
international standards of concepts, classifications, and definition which allow for valid
comparisons internationally.
○
•
WTO Classification:
Inbound international tourism: Visits by non-residents of that country (ex: When people come to
the U.S.)
○
Outbound international tourism: Visits by the residents of a country to other countries (ex: If I
went to a different country.)
○
Domestic tourism: Visits by residents within their own country (ex: If I went to a different state)
○
Internal tourism: Visits by residents and non-residents within a country (domestic & inbound
international) (ex: If I went to Cali with a person from Germany.)
○
National Tourism: Visits by the residents of a country to other countries plus visits by residents
within their own country. (Ex: If I went to Germany with someone from there.)
○
•
System Approach for the Study of Tourism:
To emphasize the interdependency of the various sectors of tourism.
○
To highlight the complexity and variety in all aspects of tourism.
○
To better display the great level of competitiveness in tourism today.
○
To emphasize the need for responsiveness.
○
•
DEFINING TOURISM
Tuesday, January 17, 2017 12:26 PM
Document Summary
It is important that, as a group, we have a common understanding of the concepts and the various approaches to defining it and thinking about it. For measurement and producing statistics of demand and supply. Tend to be done according to individual needs, or by the background of the perso tourism (examples) In north d are at leas businesse tourism. e epts of tourism erson defining rth dakota, there at least 30 different businesses of m. ees. My definition of tourism: tourism is when people travel to a different place other than th undergo experiences. We can think of them in terms of both conceptual an technical definitions. Supply sided based definitions are more recent but now clarified. Conceptual definitions: (problem with conceptual approach is that it"s not precise e measurement of tourism. ) A conceptual definition attempts to differentiate tourism from other types of as commuting or migration. Conceptual definitions say that tourism involves a movement or a stay that ar.
