BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Power Tool, Dna Microarray, Genomics

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pearwallaby931

15 Sep 2016

School

Northeastern University

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 1000

Professor

Melissa Mc Elligott

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Document Summary

Genomics is a way to study many genes-thousands of genes, or even every gene in an organism. Dna microarray is a proven tool for genomics. Every cell in our body contains copies of each of our 20,000 or so genes different genes are turned on or off in different cell types. You know if a gene is turned on if it is making mrna or if the gene is being expressed . Using dna microarrays, researchers can pinpoint all the differences in gene expression between two different cell types- in a single experiment. A microarray is made up of thousands of spots (each spot represents one gene). Each spot contains multiple copies of a unique dna sequence which corresponds to a single gene. What"s the difference between a healthy cell and a cancer cell? . We"ll answer this question by looking at gene expression, or which genes are on and off in cancer cells as compared to healthy cells.

Related Questions

1) What do researchers use to label the VNTRs?

Select one:

a. radioactive probes

b. restriction enzymes

c. fluorescent primers

d. polymorphisms

2) Current FBI fingerprints test for 13 STRs and a sex marker.

Select one:

True

False

3) Approximately how many genes do humans have?

Select one:

a. 200

b. 20,000

c. 200,000

d. 2000

4) What is the word for the new science of studying all the genes of an organism?

Select one:

a. epigenetics

b. genomics

c. microarrays

d. hybridization

5) Each spot on a microarray represents:

Select one:

a. one genome

b. one chromosome

c. one cancer cell

d. one gene

6) What makes the mRNA different from the other types of RNA?

Select one:

a. poly-G tail

b. poly-T beads

c. poly-A tail

d. poly-T tail

7) What enzyme is used to attach different colors of stained nucleotides to create a DNA molecule along the mRNA?

Select one:

a. reverse transcriptase

b. fluorescent primer

c. restriction enzyme

d. radioactive probe

BIOTECHNOLOGY!!!

1. A DNA microarray is used to quantify mRNA levels. Why is itcalled DNA microarray then, instead of RNA microarray?

2. What is the advantage of DNA microarrays over other methodsto study gene transcription?

3. In this particular experiment, what was the objective of theDNA microarray experiment?

4. In part 3 (isolate mRNA), how were mRNAs separated from tRNAsand rRNAs? What were on the beads? What unique property of mRNAsenabled its separation from tRNAs and rRNAs?

5. In part 4 (make labeled DNA copy), briefly describe howlabeled cDNAs were generated. Practice using technical terms thatyouâve encountered in your professorâs highly informative lectures.Describe the primers and enzymes that were used. Explain the reasonfor the choice of primer/s. Explain what the âspecial enzymeâdoes.

6. Parts 5 and 6. What do the colors red, yellow, and greenrepresent? What do the dark spots mean?

7. Part 7. If youâre a researcher developing a drug to shut offgenes that are expressed mostly in cancer cells, will you try toturn off genes that showed up green, red, or yellow? 8. Give tworeasons or examples as to why DNA microarray experiments donâtalways identify all genes that have âgone badâ. Answers arementioned in the interactive.

olivehare365

My instructor sent me this in an email to study for a final.Please help me construct the best possible answer for this as Ihave not written a satisfactory answer to the first question allsemester.

1) As you know the final does include a comprehensive componentregarding the gene and genome. (80 pts)

This first question has to be extremely detailed. For example,"A gene is a unit of inheritance. The gene carries information forit to be passed from one generation to the next. When you combine agene with the environment you are five the necessities for aphenotype. There are many gene types and elements such as the genesfor RNAs that carry information to make proteins, genes fortransfer RNAs that carry amino acids to the ribosomes, genes forribosomal RNAs that are required for structure, function andactivities of a ribosome, genes for small nuclear RNAs that make upthe spliceosome and help to splice introns, and the genes fortelomerase RNA component (TERC). A gene must also include manyparts such as introns, exons, core promoters, regulatory promoters,activators, downstream promoter enzymes (DPE), and many others.These parts of the genes as well as the different gene types mustallow for some variation in certain conditions to allow evolutionto occur. A gene must also be able to be passed on, or inheritedfrom one generation to the next." Figures and drawings are alsoappreciated by my instructor. If you could basically just throweverything you can think of within a gene or a genome at thisquestion that would be greatly appreciated.

2) You will also need to study genetic mapping, DNA as a digitalstorage device, X chromosome inactivation and synthetic biology.(35 pts)

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BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Power Tool, Dna Microarray, Genomics

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