PSYC 1101 Lecture Notes - Relational Aggression, Y Chromosome, Gender Identity

13 views4 pages
Emily Melsky
AP Psych - D Block
2 November, 2016
Notes on Nature Nurture and Human Diversity
Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences
Behavior geneticists → Study differences in heredity and environment
Genes: Our Codes for Life
Chromosome → composed of DNA → genes
Environment can turn genes on and off
Provide codes for proteins
Genome → instructions for making an organism
Humans very similar to chimpanzees
Traits can be affected by various factors
Twins and Adoption Studies
Identical Versus Fraternal Twins
Identical → from same egg → genetically identical
Differences in twins:
Have the same genes but not necessarily the same number of those genes
Twins can have different placentas
Fraternal → from different eggs
Shared genetic experiences
More behaviorally similar
Even separated twins have similarities
Identical twins more alike than fraternal
Biological Versus Adoptive Relatives
Environmental vs genetic parents
Personality more like biological or adopted parents?
Some traits more like one set of parents than another
Religious involvement is genetic
Psych disorders more likely in non-adoptive families because parents are not screened
so neglect and abuse is higher
Temperament and Heredity
Temperament → emotional reactivity and excitability
Temperament tends not to change, even from before or right after birth
Gene regulates serotonin
Heritability
Heritability → how much from genes and how much from environment
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Document Summary

Behavior geneticists study differences in heredity and environment. Identical from same egg genetically identical. Have the same genes but not necessarily the same number of those genes. Some traits more like one set of parents than another. Psych disorders more likely in non-adoptive families because parents are not screened so neglect and abuse is higher. Temperament tends not to change, even from before or right after birth. Heritability how much from genes and how much from environment. Environments becoming more similar so heredity = more differences. Adaptations such as feet callouses occur because of an environment. Molecular genetics studies molecular structure and function of genes. Molecular behavior genetics find some of many genes that influence complex traits. Searching for triggers that switch genes on and off. Epigenetics studies environmental effects on expression of genes. Environmental factors switch genes for certain things on and off. Gender socially influenced traits by which men and women are defined.

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