BIOL 1400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Coding Strand, Exon, Spliceosome

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yellowcattle191

22 May 2017

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Associated machinery proteins in transcription? transcription factors (tfs) Final products in transcription? mrna, rrna, trna, snrna, sirna, etc. (some may require covalent modifications for use) What is messenger rna (mrna) used for? code to make proteins. What is ribosomal rna (rrna) used for? form the core of the ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis. What is transfer rna (trna) used for? serve as adaptors between mrna and amino acids during protein synthesis. What is mirna used for? regulate gene expression. Other small rnas are used for what? splicing, telomeres, and many other processes. 12-14 base pairs opened near sequence to be transcribed creating a ssdna. Template strand is read how? complementary to rna, read in 3" to 5" direction (upstream to downstream) Rna is release as what in rna synthesis ssrna, upstream dna base-pairs. Rna polymerase binds to upstream promoter, opening transcription bubble. First few rna nts in initial transcription bubble.

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1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

Name the 6 parts of the RNAP and describe the roles of each.

What is the function of GTFs, Med proteins, and DNA bending protein in regards to gene expression?

What null mutation would cause more problems, RNAP- or RPA-?

: What is the prokaryotic equivalent of RPA and TBP?

A: Q: There are multiple types of RNA products. Which one would affect intronic splicing and how does it occur? Which one would help ribosome assembly? Which one would interrupt viral RNA? Which one would silence the X chromosome?

Why donât prokaryotes have telomeres? Q: Why donât prokaryotes use the same siRNA system that eukaryotes have? They both get infected by viruses? Q: Is sense mRNA the same as template DNA? Q: Does intronic DNA âcodeâ for anyth

harlequingrasshopper92

QUESTION 3

What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?

The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript

The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails

The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other

The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation

The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur

QUESTION 10

If you can drink milk as an adult, it means that you have inherited a mutation in the an enhancer for your lactase gene (the gene that encodes the enzyme you need to break down lactose). Predict the effect of this mutation:

The mutation changes the number of domains in the enzyme, which makes it work more efficiently

The mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the lactase protein

The mutation increases the number of copies of the lactase gene that will be found in your genome

The mutation changes whether the lactase sequence is found in an intron or exon

The mutation affects the expression of the lactase gene

QUESTION 12

What determines where in the genome a transcription regulator will bind?

Transcription regulators bind to the 5' UTR region of a gene

Regulators bind via complementary base-pairing to certain DNA molecules

Covalent bonds form between the transcription regulator and the atoms of the DNA backbone

Every eukaryotic gene has a different transcription regulator that will bind to the 5' end of the gene

Transcription regulators bind to specific DNA sequences via multiple weak non-covalent interactions

QUESTION 15

What is the histone code used for?

		Phosphorylation and acetylation of DNA affect its ability to be compacted
		Changes to the sequence of DNA change whether DNA will wrap around histone proteins
		Covalent modifications of histones affect the ability of the transcription initiation complex to form
		Histones provide the codon sequences needed for translation to occur
		The histone code affects which amino acids will get added to a polypeptide

BIOL 1400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Coding Strand, Exon, Spliceosome

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