MCC-UE 1040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Cervical Cancer, Overdiagnosis, Positive And Negative Predictive Values
9 Jan 2017
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Presumptive identification of unrecognized disease (preclinical phase) by application of tests, examinations, or other procedures that can be applied rapidly. Preclinical phase clinical phase clinical. Disease detectable by screening occurs during preclinical stage. Diagnosis & treatment occurs during clinical stage. Mass (population-based): screening on a large scale of certain populations regardless of risk status (e. g. , breast and cervical cancer, hearing loss in newborns) Selective: screening subsets of population at high risk for disease (e. g. , tay- Sequential: less invasive test, followed by a more invasive/expensive test. Simultaneous: multiple tests conducted at the same time. Screening can also be used in epi surveys (e. g. , cesd-r) False negative (c) true negative (d) (cid:1857)(cid:1871)(cid:1872)(cid:1872)(cid:1877) = (cid:1853)(cid:1853) + (cid:1855) (cid:1857)(cid:1855)(cid:1858)(cid:1855)(cid:1872)(cid:1877) = (cid:1856)(cid:1854) + (cid:1856) Proportion of individuals tested positive who have the disease. Proportion of individuals tested negative who are free of disease. To improve sensitivity, the cut-point used to classify individuals as diseased should be moved farther in the range of the non-diseased (normal)
