ANTHROP 3409 Lecture 11: Anthropoid Origins (02.28)
8 Mar 2017
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February 28: anthropoids were younger than prosimians, earliest anthropoids were from africa, primates were monophyletic (all primates from single ancestor) New view: earliest african anthropoids are about 40 million years old; they are found at several localities in north america, this material is tiny, there is older anthropoid material outside of africa (in asia) Anthropoid traits: fused frontal bone and mandibular symphysis, postorbital closure, larger brain. Egypt: osborne and granger some of the first expeditions, 1907 amnh fayum expedition, age of the fayum, oldest (late eocene) = 37 mya, intermediate (eocene/oligocene boundary) = 35 mya, youngest (early oligocene) = 34 mya. Apidium: frontal and sphenoid connect (catarrhines, ring-like bulla (not tube) more primitive, post-crania, distal tibia built for rapid flexion and extension, intermembral index = 70, tibia and fibula relationship, most likely preceded split between platyrrhines and catarrhines. Oligopithecids: fayum from latest eocene (35 mya, oligopithecus, 35 mya, dental formula = 2. 1. 2. 3, catopithecus, fused frontal.
