COMM 1100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Agenda-Setting Theory, Hypodermic Needle, The Federalist Papers

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Democratic political systems have relied on methods of communication for as long as the system itself. Rhetoric: the art of discourse: aristotle considered rhetoric a counterpart of both logic and politics . Political communication is linked with public opinion depression and new deal eras. Lippman (1922) people react to the pictures in their heads not reality: media had power to present images to public, cnn effect greatly supported this notion throughout vietnam. Began the temporary decline of mass communication. Led to two step flow theory known as. Formally tested in personal influence: identified the role of opinion leaders) pay closer attention to the media; often more educated; community esteem) These individuals personally influence others: rejected the hypodermic needle concept of communication; replacing it with limited effects , this notion quite impactful for the journalism industry. The limited effects paradigm lasted for 2 decades all together was slowly chipped away by certain theorists.

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