PSYCH 3313 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Depolarization, Synaptic Vesicle, Mitochondrion
19 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Electrical synapses, gap junctions : fused presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane, direct ap propagation, not typical at axon terminals, very small (about 3. 5 nm, nearly instantaneous, excitatory, bi-directional. Chemical synapses: the junction where messenger molecules (neurotransmitters) are released, excited or inhibits other neurons, majority of synapses, allows more signaling flexibility. Components: presynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic membrane, mitochondrion, synaptic vesicle, postsynaptic receptor. Released neurotransmitter diffuses over a wide area to effect many neurons. Axo-axonic synapses between an axon terminal and another axon fiber have a modulating effect on the release of neurotransmitter by the target axon: type i and type ii. Storage and substance of a terminal: vesicle: membrane enclosed organelles, neurotransmitter: a chemical substance that a neuron releases to carry a message across the synapse to the next neuron or other target. What makes a neurotransmitter: synthesis in-cell, triggered release (ap, effect on receptors, mechanism for inactivation. Ingredients from food pumped into cell via transporters.
