PSYCH 3313 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Sickle-Cell Disease, Autism Spectrum, Epigenetics
26 Sep 2016
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The interaction between genetics (nature) and the environment (nurture) can influence physical and behavioral traits: mitochondrial dna (mdna) Originates only from mother, round structure: central dogma. Dna to rna to proteins: genotype: genetic composition of an organism. Gene: functional hereditary unit of dna that occupies a fixed location on a chromosome: phenotype: observable trait, the genetic code. F. 3. proteome: all proteins encoded and expressed by genome. 250,000 1,000,000 proteins: process of gene expression. Translation: rna instructs ribosomes to produce amino acids. The haploid human genome possesses about 3 billion nucleotides. It includes 22 autosomes plus x and y (sex) chromosomes. Genes have exons (coding sequences) and introns (noncoding sequence found between exons) Genes are arranged linearly on chromosomes: basic genetic vocabulary. Dominant genes: those that mask other gene effects; routinely expressed. Recessive genes: genes that are expressed only in absence of a dominant gene; routinely not expressed but can be passed on.
