BIOS 1700 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Anaerobic Respiration, Antimicrobial Resistance
6 Dec 2016
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0. 2 0. 3 micrometers in diameter and 1 2 micrometers in length: physical limitations. Dependent on diffusion of gases and nutrients: have a cell wall for protection. Cell wall consists of peptidoglycan and lipids: no organelles or nuclei, genome is large and circular. Plasmid: (transferable dna) is small and circular: have adaptive properties like antibiotic resistance, size is relative, some have a agellum so they can swim, shapes: Horizontal gene transfer: creates genetically diverse microbes, three types: Conjugation: species speci c, naturally occurs in bacterial cells, same species transfer characteristics. Like antibiotic resistance: transfer a plasmid via a pilus (tube like structure) connecting the two bacterial cells. Occurs between different species: dead donor begins to break down, recipient accepts the new dna through normal intake. Transduction: semi-species speci c, virus is the donor, virus kills host and then infects the new host with both viral and dead host dna. Bacteria and archaea are different due to different rrna sequences.
