PSY 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Twin, Sigmund Freud, Harm Avoidance
1 May 2018
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PSY 1010 Final Exam Notes
Chapter 12 – Personality
• Personality: enduring and stable ways in which we think, feel, and act
• Nature of Personality The Big Five
o Extraversion (positive emotionally): outgoing, upbeat, gregarious, assertive,
friendly, sociable…increases life
o Neuroticism (negative emotionally: anxious, insecure, hostile, vulnerable, self-
conscious…will go down throughout ones life
o Openness to experience: curiosity, artistic sensitivity, vivid fantasy, flexibility,
imaginativeness, unconventional attitudes…increase and then decrease as we get to
old age
o Agreeableness: sympathetic, modest, straight forward, trusting, cooperative…child
temperament
o Conscientiousness (constraint): diligent, dependable, well-organized, punctual,
disciplined
• Personality Continuities from Childhood to Adulthood
o Known inhibition at age 3 in childhood usually scores low at aggression and potency
o At age 18, score low at harm avoidance
o
• Behavioral Genetics and Personality
o **side note** Dr. Grant was a surprise because his parents didnt know they were
having twins; his twin is skinny
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o
o Identical twins who never knew each other know each other more than fraternal
twins who knew each other their whole lives
• Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory
o Sigmund Freud
▪ Unconsciousness
▪ Mental processes
• Structure of Personality
o
o Reality principles are delayed until an appropriate scenario is found
• Conflict
o Ego: holds urges in check with reality
o Superego: holds urges in check with morality
o ID: gratify urges immediately
• Anxiety and Defense Mechanisms
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o Intrapsychic conflict (between ID, ego, and superego) anxiety reliance on
defense mechanisms
o Defense Mechanisms: help us cope with anxiety and trauma when realistic
strategies dont work, how we handle conflicts in our lives, unconscious mental
operations that deny or distort reality, protective
▪ Repression/Motivated Forgetting: anxiety-arousing memories, feelings,
impulses prevented from entering consciousness
▪ Denial: refuse to acknowledge anxiety-arousing aspects of environment
▪ Displacement: unacceptable impulse repressed, then directed at safer
target
• Ex: You wont beat up your dad if you are mad at him, but you will
beat up your brother if you are mad at him…brother is a safer target
▪ Projection: unacceptable impulse repressed then attributed to other people
• Ex: married man desires to have an affair. Begins to accuse his wife
of flirting and cheating.
▪ Rationalization: construct false but plausible explanation for behavior
• Ex: why you cheated on a test: Test was hard and everyone else was.
▪ Regression: returning psychologically to a younger and safer time
• Ex: after a bad day, you go home and curl into a ball
▪ Sublimation: transforming a socially unacceptable impulse into an admired
and socially valued goal
• Ex: MMA fighters, they beat up people and appreciated it for it.
• The Five Stages of Psychosexual Development
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency
Stage
Genital
Stage
Physical
focus
Chewing, sucking,
biting
Eliminative
functions
Pleasure
focuses on
genitals
Child
represses all
interest in
sexuality
Source
of sexual
pleasure
comes
from
someone
outside
the
family
Psychological
theme
Dependency
Self-
control/obedience
Morality,
sexual
identification,
Child
develops
social and
Maturity
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Psy 1010 final exam notes: extraversion (positive emotionally): outgoing, upbeat, gregarious, assertive, personality: enduring and stable ways in which we think, feel, and act. Identical twins who never knew each other know each other more than fraternal twins who knew each other their whole lives. Freud(cid:495)s psychoanalytic theory: sigmund freud, unconsciousness, mental processes. Structure of personality: reality principles are delayed until an appropriate scenario is found. Conflict: ego: holds urges in check with reality, superego: holds urges in check with morality. Id: gratify urges immediately: anxiety and defense mechanisms. Source of sexual pleasure comes from someone outside the family. Not a fixated stage but one of arrival. Clinical description (cid:498)clinical description(cid:499) represents the unique combination of (cid:523)terms below(cid:524) that make up a specific disorder: behaviors, thoughts, feelings specific outcome, presenting problem: why the person came to the clinic patient (cid:498)presents(cid:499) with a.
