PSY 3430 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Conduct Disorder, Stimulant, Token Economy
3 Jul 2018
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Thursday, March 1, 2018
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder:ch 8
Description of ADHD
•Persistent, age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity"
•Impairment in major life activities"
•Behaviors vary considerably from child to child"
•Children w/ADHD want to do well but have limited self-control + fall short of their
desires"
•Societal costs of ADHD are exorbitant"
•$32 billion a year in US"
•$11,000 per child in 2005"
History of ADHD
•1700’s - symptoms of ADHD were 1st described"
•1902 - English physician George Still - Sx of overactivity and inattention described as
a disorder: believed symptoms arose out of poor “inhibitory violition” and “defective
moral control”"
•Worldwide influenza epidemic from 1917-1926; brain injured child syndrome"
•Children who had developed encephalitis experienced multiple behavior problems;
irritability, impaired attention, & hyperactivity"
•In the early 1900’s, use of compulsory education demanded self controlled behavior
in a group setting"
•1940-1950’s brain injured child syndrome label was applied children displaying
similar behaviors, but w/ no evidence of brain damage or mental retardation; led to
terms “minimal brain damage/dysfunction"
•By late 1950’s, ADHD was referred to as hyperkinesis; caused by poor filtering of
stimuli entering the brain"
•Led to the definition of hyperactive child syndrome: motor overactivity was
considered the main feature"
•By 1970’s, deficits in attention and impose control were also viewed as primary
symptoms of ADHD"
#1
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Thursday, March 1, 2018
•1980’s: interest in children w/ ADHD increased dramatically"
•1980- DSM-III: ADD (w/ or w/o hyperactivity)"
•Rise in the use of stimulants generated controlersary"
•More recently, poor self regulation, difficulty in inhibiting behavior, and motivational
deficits"
Characteristics of ADHD
•Symptoms of inattention"
•Hyperactivity/impulsivity"
•2 dimensions-well documented in research across various ethnic an cultural groups
throughout the world"
•But saying “ problem is only IA and HI oversimplifies the Dx"
•Both processes are involved in each other"
Diagnostic criteria for ADHD
•3 presentations of ADHD"
•5 or 6 or more symptoms of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity, or both inattention
and hyperactivity"
•Impairment in 2 settings (home and school)"
•Several symptoms present before 12 and persist for more than 6 months"
Problems/presentations of ADHD
•Children w/ ADHD don’t have a deficit in their attentional capacity"
•Selective attention is the ability to concentrate on relevant stimuli and not be
distracted by task irrelevant stimuli in the env."
•Distractibility is a term for a deficit in selective attention problem for youth w/ ADHD"
•Children w/ ADHD show deficits insisting attention; ability to maintain a persistent
focus over time or when fatigued"
•Highly active, but often don’t accomplish as much as others"
Associated characteristics
#2
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Document Summary
Description of adhd: persistent, age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Thursday, march 1, 2018: cognitive de cits, speech and lang impairments, developmental coordination and tic disorders, medical and physical concerns, social problems. Cognitive functioning de cits: executive functioning de cits occur in 50-80% of youth w/ adhd, intellectual de cits, impaired academic functioning, learning disorders, disoriented self perceptions (pos. #3: problems getting a long w/ adults; both parents and teachers, higher levels of family stress, marital con ict, and parenting sense of con dence. Thursday, march 1, 2018: peer relationship di culties, don"t seem to follow social rules, don"t seem to learn from past mistakes; despite knowledge of expected social behavioral and a desire to conform to them. Comorbidity: oppositional de ant disorder - 50, conduct disorder - 30-50, anxiety disorder - 25, mood disorders - 20-30, learning disorders - 45, motor condition disorders, tic disorders, substance abuse disorders in adolescence, autism symptoms.
