PSY 3430 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Dsm-Iv Codes, Chest Pain, Palpitations
3 Jul 2018
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Tuesday, April 3, 2018
Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders:
Description of anxiety:
•Mood state characterized by strong negative emotion and bodily symptoms of
tension"
•Child anticipates future danger or misfortune "
•An element of fear"
Experiencing anxiety
•Often hits us when doing something important "
•In moderate doses it helps us to think/act more effectively "
•Physical: activation of the sympathetic nervous system"
•Chemical, cardiovascular, respiratory, sweat galnd, etc."
•Cognitive: constant search for danger "
•Might invent explanations that fit anxiety to the world around them"
•Behavioral: “fight or flight” behaviors"
•Include “aggression" or “escaping”"
Anxiety vs. fear vs. panic
•Fear: immediate alarm reaction to current danger/life-threatening emergency; fear is
present oriented."
•Panic: group of physical symptoms of the fight/flight response"
•Unexpectedly occur in the absence of any obvious threat/danger"
•w/ no explanation for phys. Symptoms such as a pounding heart, child may invent
one"
•Sensations themselves can feel threatening"
•May trigger fear, apprehension, anxiety, & panic"
Normal fears
•Can serve as a protective factor"
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Tuesday, April 3, 2018
•Need to be w/in typical development"
•No strong neg. effect on the Childs daily life"
•Not long-lasting"
•The # and types of common childhood fears change over time"
•Specific fears common in older children"
•Many teens report that their fears cause them considerable distress + interference"
•Girls tend to have more fears than boys at almost every age 7 report fears that are
more intense and disabling "
Normal anxieties
•About 25% of parents report their child is too nervous, fearful, or anxious"
•Most common:"
•Separation anxiety"
•Test anxiety"
•Over-concern about competence"
•Excessive need for reassurance"
•Anxiety about harm to a parent"
•Anxious symptoms may reflect a stable trait"
•May predispose children to develop excessive fears related to their stage of
development"
•Disposition to be anxious may remain stable over time"
Normal worries
•Process of worry involves thinking about all possible negative outcomes"
•In moderate doses, worry can help children prepare for the future"
•Ex: checking HW before Turing it in"
•Worry is central feature of anxiety"
•Anxiety related to # of worries and intensity"
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Tuesday, April 3, 2018
•Older children report a greater variety and complexity of worries"
•Typically developing children appear to have the same amount of worries as clinically
anxious, but intensity of worry is less"
•Intense worries- over personal safety, doing well, and being embarrassed- occur in
both groups, but more often in clinically anxious group"
Normal rituals
•Ritualistic, repetitive behavior is extremely common in young children:"
•Preferences for sameness in env."
•Rigid likes and dislikes"
•Preferences for symmetry"
•Awareness of minute details or"
•Imperfections in toys/clothes"
•Arranging things so they are “just right”"
•Help young children gain control and mastery over their env."
•Make their world more predictable and safer"
Anxiety disorders
•Separation AD"
•Generalized AD"
•Social AD (social phobia)"
•OCD"
•Panic disorder"
•Panic disorder w/ agoraphobia"
•Selective mutism"
•Specific phobia "
•Anxiety disorder not otherwise specified"
Separation anxiety disorder
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Document Summary
Description of anxiety: mood state characterized by strong negative emotion and bodily symptoms of tension, child anticipates future danger or misfortune, an element of fear. Symptoms such as a pounding heart, child may invent one: sensations themselves can feel threatening, may trigger fear, apprehension, anxiety, & panic. Normal fears: can serve as a protective factor. Anxiety disorders: separation ad, generalized ad, social ad (social phobia, ocd, panic disorder, panic disorder w/ agoraphobia, selective mutism, speci c phobia, anxiety disorder not otherwise speci ed. : restlessness, fatigue, di culty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep. : recurrent/persistent thoughts or urges that intrusive and unwanted, person tries to ignore thoughts/urges or neutralize them w/ a thought or action (compulsion, ex: contamination, ongoing doubts, aggressive/upsetting impulses. Chest pain or discomfort: heart palpitations or increase heart rate, nausea or abdominal distress, depersonalization, numbness or tightening sensations. 15-19 years: median age of onset for disorder = 20-24, 95% of teens with disorder are post puberty.
