BIOL 1604 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Altricial, Cervical Vertebrae, Reptile

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27 Feb 2017

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Notochord: semirigid body of fluid filled cells enclosed by a fibrous sheath, in most, extends the length of the body and is ventral to central nervous system. Dorsal hollow nerve cord: single, dorsal to the digestive tract and notochord, the anterior end forms the brain in vertebrates, responsible at least in part for chordate success. Endostyle for filter feeding or thyroid gland: only recently recognized as chordate characteristic, endostyle: secretes mucus, thyroid gland: endocrine (hormones) Postanal tail: probably evolved for propulsion in water, vestige in humans coccyx. Tunic or test surrounds the animal and contains cellulose. Free living larva bears all the chordate hallmarks. Adults: have only pharyngeal slits and endostyle. Circulatory system: ventral heart and two vessels. In general, gametes carried out through the excurrent siphon and released into the water: metamorphosis: the notochord and the tail disappear. Suspension feeders: water leaves the body by an atriopore, pharyngeal slits with mucus, intracellular digestion in the hepatic cecum.

Related Questions

The chordates share several features which have played asignificant role in the evolution of the phylum. Check all of thefeatures that one would use to exclusively classify members ofChordata and not members of Echinodermata.

a postanal tail during embryonicdevelopment

pharyngeal pouches during embryonicdevelopment

an endoskeleton

a notochord on the dorsal side ofthe gut in the early embryo

deuterostomic development of theembryo

a hollow nerve cord

A number of major evolutionary innovations arose in the fishlineage. Check all of the evolutionary innovations associated withthe fishes.

Teeth arose from the rough scalesof ancestral sharks.

Skeletal developments leading tothe amphibian movement onto land probably evolved from lobe-finnedfishes.

Fish fins are ancestral(homologous) structures to the flippers (forelimbs) ofturtles.

The anterior gill arch formed thebasis for the evolution of the vertebrate jaw.

The swim bladder ultimately led to the evolution of theamphibian urinary bladder.

Select the true statements concerning echinoderms.

They have an exoskeleton made ofhardened calcium carbonate plates.

Echinoderms have radiallysymmetrical larvae that give rise to bilaterally symmetricaladults.

Tube feet are used for locomotionand grasping objects.

Echinoderms are well represented inthe fossil record.

The blastopore of a sea star becomes its anus.

11.

A leafy sea dragon (Phycodurus eques) stays in a fixedposition in the water column as a tourist walks by the display inan aquarium. How is this possible?

The fish counteracts its negativebuoyancy by using its fins.

The fish is essentially hold itsbreath while remaining motionless.

The fish gulps air.

The fish has an operculum and a swim bladder.

15.

The biggest threat to terrestrial life when compared to anaquatic one is

availability of food.

lack of oxygen.

desiccation.

finding mates.

16.

A biologist looking for synapomorphic traits for chordates wouldchoose

segmentation.

possession of a backbone.

possession of an endoskeleton.

indeterminate radial cleavage inthe early embryo.

pharyngeal slits or pouches.

17.

Cartilage and bone contributed to increased size in vertebrates.Evaluate the following statements about these endoskeletal tissuesand determine if they are true or false.

1. A key element of vertebrate bone is a series of dermal ossiclesmade out of calcium carbonate. TrueFalse
2. Bone also contains crystals of a calcium phosphatesalt. TrueFalse
3. Cartilage contains fibers of the proteincollagen. TrueFalse
4. Vertebrate muscles work against bone to provide extraordinarypowers of locomotion. TrueFalse
5. Compared to chitin, bone is much less dynamic and morebrittle. TrueFalse

19.

The breast meat in the bucket of delicious fried chicken isresponsible for

running.

20.

Whales have truly large body sizes. The only invertebrates thatattain body sizes much larger than humans are giant squids. Whatfeature do whales and giant squids share that allow them to attainsuch large sizes?

	Endothermy
	Large brains
	Highly efficient gills
	Internal skeletons

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BIOL 1604 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Altricial, Cervical Vertebrae, Reptile

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