MICR 2123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Periplasm, Phosphotransferase, Passive Transport
8 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Essential nutrients are those that must be supplied by the environment: macronutrients- major elements in cell macromolecules. Ions necessary for protein function: micronutrients- trace elements necessary for enzyme function, additional growth factors may also be required by some, but not all cells. If it goes through a protein, then it"s transport. Helps solutes move across a membrane from high concentration to low concentration. No energy is used, and it can"t move molecules against the gradient. Energy released by moving a driving ion down its gradient is used to move a solute up its gradient: symport- 2 molecules travel in the same direction. More protons outside and more sugar inside, so the protons come in the cell, but take another sugar inside with it. Both the proton and the sugar must bind to the cell membrane in order to get inside: antiport- the actively transported molecule moves in the direction opposite to the driving ion.
